1106 HYBCANLL h frtm Ariaiut mid Partbui; and mi the W. bj the M. Coranns and the rirer CharindM, which formed ita limits in the direction of Media. Its boondariee at difierent periods of history were, however, Tarioiis; and it is probable that in later times it comprehended the greater part of the districts now known by the names of Maganderdnf Khoraudnf DabittdHf and Dahutdn, More strictly, it would have included only Masanderdn, According to Arrian, the dis- trict vfas sitoated on the left of the road which led to Bactra, and was interaected by high and steep moun- tains, but vrith, however, a champaign country ex- tending along the sea (iii. 25). This would oorr»- •pond with the present state of Mazanderdn, According to Strsbo, it extended along the Caspian sea, which was very marshy along its shores, and was watered by both the Ochus and the Oxus on thar way into that sea; he states also that it was separated from the desert by the river Sameius (xi. pp. 508-^1 1). Professor Wilson has remarked that this view would give far too great an extent to this prtwince, the name of which is undoubtedly preserved in the miodem Gurkan or Jorfan, a town to the E. ef Asterabad. (iirtona, pw 142.) The principal riven of Hyrcania were the Ssirneins (now the Atrek)f the Socanaa, the Syderis, the Maxera, and the Charindas. Its chief dty appears to hare borne at different times various appellations; but it is most probable that the Taps of -Strabo (xi. p. 508), the Zadracarta of Arrian (ill 23, 25), and the Casta of Strabo (L c.) were, as the chief residence of the rulers of the laind, one and the same place. Besides this, was Talabrooa (Strab. /. c), probably the same as the Tambrax oif Polybius (x. 31); Htb- CAioA or Htrcaita; snd Samariaka. Some part of Hyrcania, especially that near the sea, is stated to have been very fertile, especially in wine and fruits (Stittb. xi. p. 608): com, however, was not sown there /(Strab. L c), and the mountain land was covered with dense woods (Diod. xvii. 75), which were full of wild bees (Stnb. L c). The land also contained many wild bmsts, as the tiger. (Mela, iiL 5; Amm. Marc xxiii. 6.) The people of the land here the generic name of Hyrcani ; but the country itself was divided into several smaller dis- tncts, such as Astabene, Siraoene, and Arsitis. Of the Hyrcani, as distinct firom the nations in their neighbourhood, the ancient writers say little; but Xenopben states that they were subdued by the Assyriaas (Cyntp, i. 5), and Curtius that 6000 of them were in the army of Daruus when he was pre- paring to resist the iuTasion of Alexander (iii. 2). They probably partook of the character of the wild tribes adjoining them; and the statement of Strabo^ that no com was sown in Hyrcania, would lead to the inference that the bulk of the |>opulation was an unsettled one. On their N£. frontier we know that many Scvthian tribes were settled, as the Daae. [V.] HYBCA'NIA (TpicaK/o finrp^o/uf, Ptol. vi. 9. § 7, TiiL 23. § 8; Hyrcana, Amm. Marc xxiii. 6^ a town pUiced by Ptdemy to the east of the river Maxera in Hyrcania (probably the modem Tedjmy, It is most likely repieeented by the modem Gurhim or Jorjan, a place to the NE. of Asterabad. [V.] HTKCA'NIA (ypmia: Eth:rpK«af6s% the name of a town in Lydia, situated in the Hyrcanian phtin (rh *TpKdMu»f vcSioy), which is said to have derived its name from a colony of Hyrcanians being Settled here by the Persians. (Strab. xiiL p. 629 ; oomp. Steph. B. s. o.) They were afterwards mingled with some Maoedooians, who also settled in this di^ HTBIA. trict, whenos they are called by Pliny and Tadfcv «" 3faoedones Hyrcani** (Plin. v. 29. a. 31; Tac ^fMi. iL 47.) There were two towns in tins pUa: one called Hjrrcania, and the ether Mnstwri. (1^ 2.O.; BtoLv. 2. § 16.) COnr OF HTBOASIA DT LTDtA. HYBCA'NIUM MABE. [Caspiuk Masb.] HTltlA, HY'BIUM, or UltlA, is the nans cT several ancient towns in Italy, which ia rtrj vanmsly written, and often corrapted, in our cxtaat MS8.; but all these forma i^vpear to be oci^naUy ths same. U Cyptu, Herod.; TpU, Appu; Obpta, Sfenk: Etk. Uritanus: Orta), an inland city of Calabria, situated neariy in the heart of that ooimtiy, en the Appian Way, about midway between Bnmdasiai and Tarentum. ^Tab, PaO,) Strabo oonrectly de- scribes it as situsted in the midst of the iatli]mis,as he terms it, between the two seas. (Stnb. tL pi 283.) Ho tells us that a palace of one of the ancioit native kings was stfll shown there: and Herodotos icpR- sents it as the metropolis of the Me8Bapiaiia,fonnied by a colony of Cretans on their retam from Sidly. According to this statement, it vras the uMst sndait of the Messi^nan cities, from whence all tJie othen wei« founded. (Herod. viL 17a) Bat tbon^ it thus appears to have been in early tunes * plMs tf importance, we hear very little of it afttawai J i , though its name again appears in Appian during the civil war betweoi Octavian and Antony, iriiile the latter was besieging Bmndusiam. (Appian, B. C V. 58.) The pec^e of Hyria must also be vndff- stood by the " XJrites " of Livy, whom he emnnersteB among the allied cities that furnished ships to the praetor C. Lucretius in B.C. 171 (Liv. zlii. 48), if the reading be correct: but it is difficult to onder- stand how an inland town like Hyria ooold be ens of those bound to furnish a naval oontii^gfnt. The
- Uritanus ager " is mentioned in the Liber Coioai-
arum (p. 262) among the ** Civitates Ftwindse Calabriae," and it therefore appears to hvn bdd the rank of an ordinary provincial town under the Bobma Empire: and there is little doubt that in Pliny (m. 11. s. 16. § 100) we should read Uzia for Vans. In Ptolemy also (iiL 1. § 77) we shoold pnbaUy substitute 06f>io¥ for OHfifrow^ as Veretum (0» ^ tof) had been already mentioned just before. It still retains the name of Orio, i town situated on a hill of moderate elevstiai, has commanding an extensive view over all the ooonby round. There are no andent lemains, hot iDseri^ taons have been found there in the Mmspian dialNi» and numerous coins, bearing the name of Cm, which, though vrritten in Booian charaeters, was probably the native name of the dty. (MillinML Numitm. de VAnc ItaHe, p^ 281.)^(t«m X4/> M 2. (Uria, PIm.; OKpcior, Strsb.; Oipm^r^d.i2^^ 'tputv^ Dionys. P. : Etk, 'Vpiarafos, Unas or Urianasr' Rodi), a city of Apulia, ntoated en the coast «f the Adriatic N. of the promontory of Gaignnoa. k gave to the extensive bay formed by that piuj ec tim headland with the coast of Apulia on the N., thr name of Urias Sihub. (Mel. u. 4w § 7.) Ita
