the office of principal of New Inn Hall from 1609 to 1618, and was king's professor of civil law, and principal of Broadgates Hall (afterwards Pembroke College). ‘He was a person,’ says Wood, ‘of great eloquence, an excellent rhetorician, philosopher, and a most noted civilian.’ He died at Broadgates Hall on 11 June 1620, and was buried in the neighbouring church of St. Aldate's. He was the author of Latin lives of Bishop Waynfleet (or William Patten), Oxon. 1602, and of Archbishop Morton, London, 1607. The former was published by William Bates [q. v.], and was republished in the volume entitled ‘Vitæ selectorum aliquot virorum,’ London, 1681. Budden also translated into Latin Bodley's ‘Statutes of the Public Library’ and Sir Thomas Smith's ‘Commonwealth of England’ (1610, other editions in 1625 and 1630), and into English (from the French of Pierre Ayrault) ‘A Discourse for Parents' Honour and Authority over their Children,’ London, 1614, dedicated to Toby Matthew, archbishop of York.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 282–3; Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 236, 249, 296; Cat. of English Books in Brit. Mus. before 1640; Cat. Oxf. Graduates, p. 806; Coote's Lives of the Civilians.]
BUDDLE, ADAM (d. 1715), botanist, was born at Deeping St. James, Lincolnshire, and educated at St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, taking the degree of B.A. in 1681, and that of M.A. in 1685. He does not seem to have taken up the study of British botany, with which his name is chiefly connected, until a later date; he is mentioned by Petiver, writing in 1687, as well versed in mosses. He was at one time (1689 or 1690) a nonjuror, but subsequently complied. In 1696–8 he was living at Henley in Suffolk (where his two children were baptised), and corresponded with Doody and Petiver, to whom he sent his collections of grasses and mosses, then the best in the kingdom; these were afterwards transmitted to Tournefort. In 1699 he paid a visit to Ray. In 1703 he was presented to the living of North Fambridge, Essex, and he was also reader at Gray's Inn. In 1708 Buddle wrote an entirely new and complete English Flora, which will be found in the Sloane MSS. (2970–2980); his herbarium, also in the British Museum, occupies vols. cxiv–cxxv. of the Sloane collections. From these two works we are able to form a very high estimate of the accuracy, diligence, and knowledge of their author. It is to be regretted that the Flora was never printed, although Petiver, who had access to it, frequently made use of the information it contains. Dawson Turner's note (Richardson's Correspondence, p. 151), that ‘justice was not done him by those of his immediate successors who more particularly benefited by his labours,’ seems fully justified. Dillenius had the use of the herbarium for his edition (the 3rd) of Ray's ‘Synopsis.’ There is a letter of Buddle's published in the Richardson correspondence, pp. 87–9; several exist in the Sloane MSS. He died at Gray's Inn on 15 April 1715, and was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn.
[Richardson's Correspondence, pp. 87, 95, 151; Trimen and Dyer's Flora of Middlesex, pp. 386–388.]
BUDDLE, JOHN (1773–1843), mining engineer, was born in 1773 at Kyo, near Tanfield in Durham, where his father, who had formerly been a miner, was the village schoolmaster. Although entirely self-educated, the elder Buddle was noted for his proficiency in mathematics and the theory of coal-mining, being an occasional contributor on these subjects to ‘The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Diary;’ and when, in 1781, the famous colliery at Wallsend was projected, the Kyo schoolmaster was chosen for the post of colliery manager and ‘viewer.’ From his eighth year accordingly Buddle was brought up under his father's zealous tuition, in familiar contact with the processes above and below ground of coal-mining. Profiting readily by his opportunities, he had already in several ways proved his practical ingenuity, when in 1806 the death of his father threw the full responsibility of the Wallsend colliery upon his shoulders, from which time he made very rapid headway in his profession. In 1809 he introduced an improved method of coal-working, by which nearly all the contents of a coal-seam could be exhausted, instead of leaving, as hitherto, a large proportion to act as support to the roof of the mine. As part of this scheme he conceived the ingenious idea of dividing the mine into separately ventilated districts by intermittent barriers of coal, hoping by this means to localise the effects of explosion and other mining dangers. In later practice these and other details of his method have been largely dispensed with, but upon the general principles he thus established depend very much the improved methods now in vogue. In 1813 a disastrous explosion at Felling colliery led to the formation of a society at Sunderland for the investigation of mine accidents, and in response to an appeal addressed by the society to eminent mining engineers and scientific men, Buddle drew up an important paper describing the method of ventilation adopted by him and
