first be decided on, and being overruled in this ‘was so highly offended that he concurred no more in the councils of those who gave the other advice’ (Burnet, Own Time, p. 780). He was thereupon deprived of the office of secretary of state. Lockhart says that he opposed the union on account of being turned out of the secretary's office, and was therefore ‘much caressed, but little trusted by the cavaliers’ (Papers, p. 138). In any case his opposition to the union was extreme. It was he who drew up the protest against the third article, appointing both kingdoms to be represented by one and the same parliament. On 13 Feb. 1707 he was chosen one of the Scottish representative peers. At the general election of 1708 he was not returned, but he and three other non-elected peers petitioned the House of Lords on account of informalities in the election, and after a long debate Annandale was substituted for the Marquis of Lothian. Annandale was again chosen in 1710 and 1715. In 1711 he was commissioner to the general assembly of the church of Scotland. On the accession of George I he was, 24 Sept. 1714, appointed keeper of the great seal, and a few days afterwards a privy councillor. On the outbreak of the rebellion in 1715 he was, on 19 Aug., constituted lord-lieutenant of the counties of Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, and Peebles. Simon Fraser, lord Lovat, having on his way north been placed under a guard at Dumfries, desired his credentials to be laid before Annandale. The latter arrived at Dumfries just as news came that the rebels were approaching. Annandale, who had given Lovat a courteous welcome, obtained his assistance in barricading the town, and the insurgents passed on to Lochmaben (Major Fraser's Narrative, ed. Fergusson, ii. 30–41). Annandale died at Bath on 14 Feb. 1721. By his first wife, Sophia, only daughter and heiress of John Fairholm of Craigiehall, Linlithgowshire, he had three sons (James, second marquis, d 1730, John, who died young, and Lord William Johnstone, 1695–1721) and two daughters, of whom the elder, Henrietta, married Charles Hope [q. v.] of Hopetoun, created Earl of Hopetoun in 1703, and the younger, Mary, died in infancy. Johnstone's first wife died 13 Dec. 1716, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where there is a monument by Gibbs. By his second wife, Charlotte Van Lore, only child of John Vanden Bempde of Pall Mall, London, he had two sons, George, third marquis (1720–1792), and John, who died young. A portrait of Annandale by Sir Godfrey Kneller has been engraved by Smith.
[Balcarres's Memoirs (Bannatyne Club); Leven and Melville Papers (Bannatyne Club); Carstares's State Papers; Lockhart of Carnwath's Memoirs; Burnet's Own Time; Macaulay's Hist. of Engl. ii. 27, 55, 215, 225; Macky's Secret Memoirs; Douglas's Scottish Peerage, ed. Wood, i. 74–6; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice, pp. 448–51.]
JOHNSTONE, WILLIAM BORTHWICK (1804–1868), landscape and historical painter, born in Edinburgh 21 July 1804, was son of John Johnstone, an Edinburgh lawyer, originally from Lanarkshire. Both his father and mother died when he was very young, and he and his younger brother James were placed under the care of Mr. Cunningham, parish minister of Duns, Berwickshire, where they attended school. Both brothers afterwards entered lawyers' offices in Edinburgh. The younger continued a lawyer throughout life, and became clerk to Lord Benholm the judge. William, disliking the pursuit of law, ultimately devoted himself to painting, beginning in 1836 to contribute to the Royal Scottish Academy. From January 1840 till May 1842 he attended in the evenings the antique class of the Trustees' Academy under the direction of William (afterwards Sir William) Allan (Attendance-Book of Trustees' Academy). With the single exception of 1843, when he was abroad, he was represented in every exhibition of that body till, and including, the year of his death. Up to 1847 he figures in the catalogues as ‘William Johnstone,’ but in that year he added his mother's name of Borthwick to his signature. In 1840 he was elected an associate, and in 1848 a full member of the Royal Scottish Academy, of which in 1850 he became treasurer, a position for which his business training well qualified him. In 1842 (information from Mr. Robert Tait, artist, London) he visited Italy in company with Vatcher, a water-colour painter, residing at first in Venice, and afterwards with Alexander Wison the painter in Rome, where he was much impressed by the works of Overbeck. He returned to Scotland early in 1844.
Johnstone's earlier pictures were mainly landscapes and familiar subjects, and these he handled with more elaboration than marked his later productions, which included many historical paintings. ‘Louis XI of France, attended by his favourite Minister, Olivier le Dain,’ and ‘A Scene in Holyrood, 1566’ (both exhibited in 1855, the latter now in the National Gallery of Scotland), are representative of his best figure-pieces in oil, and his scene from Keats's ‘Isabella and the Pot of Basil’ was an important water-colour painting. He had studied miniature-painting under Robert Thorburn, A.R.A., in London, and executed many portraits of this class. His
