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Qualities of the Diplomatist
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(b) Of Moderation:[1] 'I do not here mean that Moderation, of which the illustrious Author of the Reflections, Sentences, and moral Maxims, gives so excellent a Character, and of which the wisest have but an Appearance; but of that Phlegm and Coolness, either study'd or natural, which is so necessary to those who enter upon the Management of publick Affairs. I do not pretend to act the Philosopher, and shall content myself with saying, That Moderation, whether it be an Effect or a part of Prudence, is a Quality, by so much the more requisite to the Embassador, as he that does not possess himself, gives a mighty Advantage to him with whom he negotiates. Julius Mazarin, being but twenty years of age, had the Address to put the Duke of Feria, Governor of Milan, into a Passion; and to discover by that Mean his true Sentiments. Those Minds that are compos'd of Salt-peter and Sulphur, which the least Spark sets on fire, are very liable to mar Affairs by their Transports, because it is an easy Matter to excite their Anger, and put them in a Rage, during which they know not what they do.'[2]

(c) 'La fermeté est encore une qualité très-necessaire à un Negociateur, quoique le droit des gens le doive mettre en sûreté; il ya cependant diverses occasions où il se trouve en peril, & où il a besoin de son courage pour s'en tirer & pour faciliter le succès de ses negociations; un homme né timide n'est pas capable de bien conduire de grands desseins; il se laisse ébranler facilement dans les accidens imprévûs, la peur peut faire découvrir son secret par les impressions qu'elle fait sur son visage, & par le trouble qu'elle cause dans ses discours. … L'irresolution est très-préjudiciable dans la conduite des grandes affaires; il y faut un esprit décisif, qui après avoir balancé les divers inconveniens, sache prendre son parti & le suivre avec fermeté.'[3]

'Un homme naturellement violent & emporté, est peu propre a bien conduire une grande negociation… Un homme qui se possede. & qui est toûjours de sang froid, a un grand avantage à traiter avec un homme vif & plein de feu; & on

  1. Wicquefort, bk. i, ch. viii.
  2. Ibid., pp. 349–50. Moderation is 'the same Virtue under another Name' as Prudence, p. 350.
  3. Callières, pp. 31–2, 33.