| Year. | In Thousands of Cwt. | Number (Thousands). | ||||||||||
| Mackerel. | Herring. | Sole. | Turbot. | Cod. | Ling. | Haddock. | Whiting. | Hake. | Oysters. | Crabs. | Lobsters. | |
| 1890 1895 1900 1905 |
502 339 278 505 |
85 171 284 354 |
4.5 1.8 3.1 3.5 |
1.4 1.0 1.5 0.8 |
39.6 43.6 33.6 18.6 |
14.8 29.7 11.9 9.1 |
16.4 30.9 12.4 11.3 |
13.5 11.9 11.9 18.3 |
25.3 18.7 16.3 7.1 |
576 563 236 348 |
228 240 202 175 |
238 276 286 236 |
Note.—The Irish statistics of shell-fish are very incomplete, owing to the inadequate means at the disposal of the authorities for collecting statistics over large sections of the coast.
| Mode of Fishing. |
England and Wales. | Scotland. | Ireland. | ||||||
| Steamers. | Sailing. | Steamers. | Sailing. | Steamers. | Sailing. | ||||
| 1st Cl. | 1st Cl. | 2nd Cl. | 1st Cl. | 1st Cl. | 2nd Cl. | 1st Cl. | 1st Cl. | 2nd Cl. | |
| Trawling Drift-nets Lines Various |
1173 263 56 21 |
904 562 29 215 |
586 539 685 2277 |
244 . . 209 . . |
. . . . 3403 . . |
68 . . 2910 . . |
10 . . . . . . |
142 . . 229 . . |
283 . . 2776 . . |
| Total | 1513 | 1710 | 4087 | 453 | 3403 | 2978 | 10 | 371 | 3059 |
Note.—1st class = steamers of at least 15 tons gross tonnage, and other boats of at least 15 tons registered tonnage (in Scotland exceeding 30 ft. keel).::2nd class = less than 15 tons tonnage, or from 18 to 30 ft. keel.
| Year. | England and Wales. |
Scotland. | Ireland. | United Kingdom. | ||||
| A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. | A. | B. | |
| 1890 1895 1900 1995 |
32,503 32,229 31,589 34,318 |
9312 8995 7994 8132 |
34,319 31,044 27,288 29,064 |
20,829 12,329 10,288 10,487 |
10,121 8,692 8,677 8,744 |
13,981 18,218 18,982 17,079 |
78,450 73,090 68,708 73,293 |
46,337 41,230 37,814 36,131 |
| Year. | Line-caught Fish. | Trawled Fish. | ||
1890 1895 1900 1905 |
Cwt. 1,577,299 1,479,654 757,416 735,654 |
£591,059 548,629 371,173 348,610 |
Cwt. 291,812 531,695 1,077,082 1,745,431 |
£203,620 291,165 793,427 948,117 |
In 1893 a select committee of the House of Commons took evidence as to the expediency of adopting measures for the preservation of the sea-fisheries in the seas around the British Islands, with especial reference to the alleged wasteful destruction of under-sized fish. They recommended the adoption of a size-limit of 8 in. for soles and plaice, and 10 in. for turbot and brill, below which the sale of these fishes should be prohibited, on the ground that these limits would approximate to those already adopted by foreign countries.
In 1899 the Agriculture and Technical Instruction (Ireland) Act transferred the powers and duties of the inspectors of Irish fisheries to the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland. The department is provided with a steam cruiser, the “Helga,” 375 tons, fully equipped for fishery research, as well as with a floating marine laboratory. Mr Holt, formerly of the Marine Biological Association, was appointed to take charge of the scientific work.
In 1900 another select committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider and take evidence on the proposals of the Sea Fisheries Bill, which had been framed in accordance with the recommendations of the select committee of 1893, but had failed to pass in several sessions of parliament. Owing to marked divergencies of opinion on the question whether the low size-limits proposed would be effectual in keeping the trawlers from working on the grounds where small fish congregated, the committee reported against the bill, and urged the immediate equipment of the government departments with means for undertaking the necessary scientific investigations.
In 1901 an international conference of representatives of all the countries bordering upon the North and Baltic Seas met at Christiania to revise proposals which had been drafted at Stockholm in 1899 for a scientific exploration of these waters in the interest of the fisheries, to be undertaken concurrently by all the participating countries. The British government was represented by Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff, K.C.M G., with Professor D’Arcy W. Thompson, Mr (afterwards Professor) W. Garstang and Dr H. R. Mill as advisers. The proposals were subsequently accepted, with some restrictions, and an international council of management was appointed by the participating governments. The Fishery Board for Scotland and the Marine Biological Association from England were commissioned in 1902 to carry out the work at sea allotted to Great Britain, and a special grant of £5500 per annum was made to each body by the Treasury for this purpose. Two steamers, the “Huxley” and the “Goldseeker,” were chartered for the investigations and began work in 1902 and 1903 from Lowestoft and Aberdeen respectively. Reports on the work of the first five years were published in 1909.
In 1901 the Board of Trade appointed a committee (the Committee on Ichthyological Research) to inquire and report as to the best means by which scientific fishery research could be organized and assisted in relation to the state or local authorities. The committee consisted of Sir Herbert Maxwell, M.P. (chairman), Mr W. F. Archer, Mr Donald Crawford, Rev. W. S. Green, Professor W. A. Herdman, Hon. T. H. W. Pelham, Mr S. E. Spring Rice and Professor J. A. Thomson. Sir Herbert Maxwell resigned his chairmanship before the report was drawn up (September 1902), and was succeeded by Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff. The committee recommended the provision of more complete statistics; the provision and maintenance of five special steamers (where not already existing) to work in connexion with as many marine laboratories, viz. one for each of the three coasts of England and Wales, and one each for Scotland and Ireland; the provision of three biological assistants at each laboratory; the grant of statutory powers to local sea-fisheries committees to expend money on fishery research; the constitution of a fishery council for England and Wales, and of a conference of representatives of the central authorities in England, Scotland and Ireland. In 1903 the fishery department of the Board of Trade was transferred to the Board of Agriculture, Mr W. E. Archer, chief inspector of fisheries, becoming an assistant secretary of the new Board of Agriculture and Fisheries.
In 1907 a departmental treasury committee was appointed to inquire into the scientific and statistical investigations carried on in relation to the fishing industry of the United Kingdom. The committee consisted of Mr H. J. Tennant, M.P. (chairman), Lord Nunburnholme, Sir Reginald MacLeod, Mr N. W. Helms, M.P., Mr A. Williamson, M.P., Dr P. Chalmers Mitchell, F.R.S., Mr J. S. Gardiner, F.R.S., the Rev. W. S. Green, Mr R. H. Rew and Mr L. S. Hewby. This committee reviewed the work that had already been done and urged its continuation and extension under the direction of a central council composed of representatives of the government departments concerned with fishery matters in England, Scotland and Ireland, with a scientific
