5602. Mamaroneck is served by the New York, New Haven & Hartford railway. The township includes the village of Larchmont (pop. in 1910, 1958), incorporated in 1891, and part of the village of Mamaroneck (pop. in 1910, including the part in Rye township, 5699), incorporated in 1895. Larchmont is the headquarters of the Larchmont Yacht Club. The site of Mamaroneck township was bought in 1660 from the Indians by John Richbell, an Englishman, who obtained an English patent to the tract in 1668. The first settlement was made by relatives of his on the site of Mamaroneck village in 1676, and the township was erected in 1788. On the 28th of August 1776, near Mamaroneck, a force of American militiamen under Capt. John Flood attacked a body of Loyalist recruits under William Lounsbury, killing the latter and taking several prisoners. Soon afterwards Mamaroneck was occupied by the Queen’s Rangers under Colonel Robert Rogers. On the night of the 21st of October an attempt of a force of Americans under Colonel John Haslet to surprise the Rangers failed, and the Americans, after a hand-to-hand fight, withdrew with 36 prisoners. Mamaroneck was the home of John Peter DeLancey (1753–1828), a Loyalist soldier in the War of Independence, and was the birthplace of his son William Heathcote DeLancey (1797–1865), a well-known Protestant Episcopal clergyman, provost of the University of Pennsylvania in 1827–1832 and bishop of western New York from 1839 until his death. James Fenimore Cooper, the novelist, married (1811) a daughter of John Peter DeLancey; lived in Mamaroneck for several years, and here wrote his first novel, Precaution, and planned The Spy.
MAMELI, GOFFREDO (1827–1849), Italian poet and patriot,
was born at Genoa of a noble Sardinian family. He received a
sound classical education at the Scolopi College, and later studied
law and philosophy at the university of Genoa. When nineteen
years old he corresponded with Mazzini, to whom he became
whole-heartedly devoted; among other patriotic poems he wrote
a hymn to the Bandiera brothers, and in the autumn of 1847
a song called “Fratelli d’Italia,” which as Carducci wrote,
“resounded through every district and on every battlefield of
the peninsula in 1848 and 1849.” Mameli served in the National
Guard at Genoa, and then joined the volunteers in the Lombard
campaign of 1848, but after the collapse of the movement in
Lombardy he went to Rome, where the republic was proclaimed
and whence he sent the famous despatch to Mazzini: “Roma!
Repubblica! Venite!” At first he wrote political articles in
the newspapers, but when the French army approached the city
with hostile intentions he joined the fighting ranks and soon
won Garibaldi’s esteem by his bravery. Although wounded in
the engagement of the 30th of April, he at once resumed his
place in the ranks, but on the 3rd of June he was again wounded
much more severely, and died in the Pellegrini hospital on the
6th of July 1849. Besides the poems mentioned above, he
wrote hymns to Dante, to the Apostles, “Dio e popolo,” &c. The
chief merit of his work lies in the spontaneity and enthusiasm
for the Italian cause which rendered it famous, in spite of
certain technical imperfections, and he well deserved the epithet
of “The Tyrtaeus of the Italian revolution.”
See A. G. Barrili, “G. Mameli nella vita e nell’ arte,” in Nuova Antologia (June 1, 1902); the same writer’s edition of the Scritti editi ed inediti di G. Mameli (Genoa, 1902); Countess Martinengo Cesaresco, Italian Characters (London, 1901); A. Luzio, Profili Biografici (Milan, 1906); G. Trevelyan, Garibaldi’s Defence of the Roman Republic (London, 1907).
MAMELUKE (anglicized through the French, from the Arabic
mamlūk, a slave), the name given to a series of Egyptian sultans,
originating (1250) in the usurpation of supreme power by the
bodyguard of Turkish slaves first formed in Egypt under the
successors of Saladin. See Egypt: History (Moslem period).
MAMERTINI, or “children of Mars,” the name taken by a band of Campanian (or Samnite) freebooters who about
289 B.C. seized the Greek colony of Messana at the north-east
corner of Sicily, after having been hired by Agathocles
to defend it (Polyb. 1. 7. 2). The adventure is explained
by tradition (e.g. Festus 158, Müller) as the outcome of
a ver sacrum; the members of the expedition are said to have
been the male children born in a particular spring of which
the produce had been vowed to Apollo (cf. Samnites),
and to have settled first in Sicily near Tauromenium. An
inscription survives (R. S. Conway, Italic Dialects, 1) which
shows that they took with them the Oscan language as it was
spoken in Capua or Nola at that date, and the constitution
usual in Italic towns of a free community (touta =) governed by
two annual magistrates (meddices). The inscription dedicated
some large building (possibly a fortification) to Apollo, which so
far confirms the tradition just noticed. Though in the Oscan
language, the inscription is written in the Greek alphabet common
to south Italy from the 4th century B.C. onwards, viz. the
Tarentine Ionic, and so are the legends of two coins of much
the same date as the inscription (Conway, ib. 4). From 282
onwards (B. V. Head, Historia numorum, 136) the legend itself
is Graecized (ΜΑΜΕΡΤΙΝΩΝ instead of ΜΑΑΜΕΡΤΙΝΟΥΜ)
which shows how quickly here, as everywhere, “Graecia capta
ferum victorem cepit.” On the Roman conquest of Sicily the
town secured an independence under treaty (Cicero, Verr. 3. 6.
13). The inhabitants were still called Mamertines in the time
of Strabo (vi. 2. 3).
See further Mommsen, C.I.L. x. sub loc., and the references already given. (R. S. C.)
MĀMERTINUS, CLAUDIUS (4th century A.D.), one of the
Latin panegyrists. After the death of Julian, by whom he was
evidently regarded with special favour, he was praefect of Italy
(365) under Valens and Valentinian, but was subsequently (368)
deprived of his office for embezzlement. He was the author
of an extant speech of thanks to Julian for raising him to the
consulship, delivered on the 1st of January 362 at Constantinople.
Two panegyrical addresses (also extant) to Maximian
(emperor A.D. 286–305) are attributed to an older magister
Mamertinus, but it is probable that the corrupt MS. superscription
contains the word memoriae, and that they are
by an unknown magister memoriae (an official whose duty
consisted in communicating imperial rescripts and decisions
to the public). The first of these was delivered on the
birthday of Rome (April 21, 289), probably at Maximian’s
palace at Augusta Trevirorum (Trèves), the second in 290 or
291, on the birthday of the emperor. By some they are
attributed to Eumenius (q.v.) who was a magister memoriae
and the author of at least one (if not more) panegyrics.
The three speeches will be found in E. Bāhrens, Panegyrici latini (1874); see also Teuffel-Schwabe, Hist. of Roman Literature (Eng. trans.), § 417. 7.
MAMIANI DELLA ROVERE, TERENZIO, Count (1802–1885), Italian writer and statesman, was born at Pesaro in 1799. Taking part in the outbreaks at Bologna arising out of the accession of Pope Gregory XVI., he was elected deputy for Pesaro to the assembly, and subsequently appointed minister of the interior; but on the collapse of the revolutionary movement he was exiled. He returned to Italy after the amnesty of 1846, and in 1848 he was entrusted with the task of forming a ministry. He remained prime minister, however, only for a few months, his political views being anything but in harmony with those of the pope. He subsequently retired to Genoa where he worked for Italian unity, was elected deputy in 1856, and in 1860 became minister of education under Cavour. In 1863 he was made minister to Greece, and in 1865 to Switzerland, and later senator and councillor of state. Meanwhile, he had founded at Genoa in 1849 the Academy of Philosophy, and in 1855 had been appointed professor of the history of philosophy at Turin; and he published several volumes, not only on philosophical and social subjects, but of poetry, among them Rinnovamente della filosofia antica italiana (1836), Teoria della Religione e dello stato (1869), Kant e l’ontologia (1879), Religione dell’ avenire (1880), Di un nuovo diritto europeo (1843, 1857). He died at Rome on the 21st of May, 1885.
See Indice delle opere di Terenzio Mamiani (Pesaro, 1887); Gaspare, Vita di Terenzio Mamiani (Ancona, 1887); Barzellotti, Studii e ritratti (Bologna, 1893).
