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INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XX. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS,[1] WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE
ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.


A. C. Se. Albert Charles Seward, M.A., F.R.S.
Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge. College, Cambridge. President of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, 1910.
Palaeobotany: Mesozoic.
A. F. P. Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.S.
Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893. 1901. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.
Parker, Matthew.
A. G. D. Arthur George Doughty, M.A., Litt. D., C.M.G.
Dominion Archivist of Canada. Member of the Geographical Board of Canada, Author of The Cradle of New France; &c. Joint-editor of Documents relating to the Constitutional History of Canada.
Papineau.
A. G. H. Albert George Hadcock.
Late R.A. Manager. Gun Department, Elswick Works, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Lieut.-Col. commanding 1st Northumbrian Brigade, R.F.A. (Territorial Forces). Joint-author of Artillery: its Progress and Present Position; &c.
Ordnance: History and Construction.
A. Ha. Adolf Harnack.
See the biographical article: Harnack, Adolf.
Origen.
A. J. L. Andrew Jackson Lamoureux.
Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Formerly Editor of the Rio News, Rio de Janeiro.
Pará.
A. Lu. Achille Luchaire.
See the biographical article: Luchaire, Denis J. Achille.
Papacy: 1087–1305.
A. Ma. Alexander Macalister, M.A., M.D., LL.D., D.Sc, F.R.S., F.S.A.
Professor of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of St John’s College. Author of Text-Book of Human Anatomy; &c.
Palmistry.
A. M. Cl. Agnes Muriel Clay (Mrs Wilde).
Formerly Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of Sources of Roman History, 133-70 B.C.
Patron and Client (in part).
A. N. Alfred Newton, F.R.S.
See the biographical article: Newton, Alfred.
Oriole; Ornithology (in part); Orthonyx; Ortolan; Osprey; Ostrich; Ousel; Owl; Oyster-catcher; Parrot; Partridge.
A. P. H. Alfred Peter Hillier, M.D., M.P.
Author of South African Studies; The Commonweal; &c. Served in Kaffir War, 1878–1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in medical practice in South Africa till 1896. Member of Reform Committee, Johannesburg, and Political Prisoner at Pretoria, 1895–1896. M.P. for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910.
Orange Free State: History (in part).
A. S.-P. Anthyme St Paul.
Author of Histoire Monumentale de la France.
Paris: History (in part).
A. S. Wo. Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.
Keeper of Geology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Secretary of the Geological Society, London.
Ostracoderms; Owen, Sir Richard; Palaeospondylus.
A. Wa. Arthur Waugh, M.A.
New College Oxford. Newdigate Prize, 1888. Author of Gordon in Africa; Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Editor of Johnson’s Lives of the Poets; and of editions of Dickens, Tennyson, Arnold, Lamb; &c.
Pater, Walter; Patmore, Coventry.
A. W. H.* Arthur William Holland.
Formerly Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray’s Inn, 1900.
Paston Letters.
  1. A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

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