2/23a, 17/8b; Hsiao-t'ien chi chuan (see under Hsü Tzŭ) 46/20a; 嘉定縣乙酉記事 Chia-ting-hsien i-yu chi-shih in 痛史 T'ung-shih; 明季南略 Ming-chi nan-lüeh 9/16a; Ssŭ-k'u 77/7a.]
HUANG Fang-shih 黃芳世 (T. 周士), d. 1678, general, was a native of P'ing-ho, Fukien. When his uncle, Huang Wu [q. v.], was in command of the troops at Chang-chou, Huang Fang-shih represented him at Court, received preferment, and for twelve years enjoyed the life of Peking. In 1675 when his cousin Huang Fang-tu [q. v.] was besieged at Chang-chou and appealed for relief, Huang Fang-shih asked permission to go. He was given the rank of brigade-general and joined his younger brother, Huang Fang-t'ai [q. v.], who was leading a relieving force from Canton. Traveling by forced marches and fighting their way, the two brothers were within 200 li of Chang-chou when they learned that the city had fallen and their clansmen had committed suicide. Huang Fang-shih retired to Hui-chou, east of Canton. Soon Kwangtung was also involved in revolt and his position became precarious; it was rumored that he had joined the rebels, and only the Emperor trusted him implicitly. Escaping from Hui-chou, Huang Fang-shih made his way to Peking. He succeeded to the dukedom of Hai-ch'êng (see under Huang Wu), was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and given command over the marine forces of Fukien with headquarters at Chang-chou. He was heaped with princely gifts and honors which were extended posthumously to his relatives. In March and April of 1678 he carried on a vigorous campaign against the forces of Kêng Ching-chung [q. v.] with consistent success. When he became ill and retired to Hai-ch'êng and was criticised for inactivity, he made a last foray against the insurgents. His illness increased and, pleading for considerate treatment of military prisoners and succor for the harrassed people of Fukien, and asking that his brother, Huang Fang-t'ai, succeed to his title rather than his minor son. Huang Fangshih died in his military camp. He was given the posthumous name of Chung-hsiang 忠襄.
[See bibliography of Huang Wu.]
HUANG Fang-t'ai 黃芳泰 (T. 和士), 1647–1690, soldier, native of P'ing-ho, Fukien, was a younger brother of Huang Fang-shih [q. v.]. When his cousin Huang Fang-tu [q. v.], was besieged in Chang-chou, he fought through the lines and raised a relief army in Kwangtung. His elder brother joined him, but before they were able to get back to Chang-chou, the city had fallen and the members of their family had committed suicide. The two brothers returned to Kwangtung. When Shang Chih-hsin [q. v.] rebelled, and Huang Fang-shih escaped to Peking, Huang Fang-t'ai returned to Fukien and was made brigade-general. When his brother died Huang Fang-t'ai became Duke of Hai-ch'êng (see under Huang Wu). He continued active in the suppression of rebels and when impeached was able to convince the Emperor of his ability and sincerity. He advocated a naval building and coast guard program modeled on that of Shih Lang [q. v.]. He was given the posthumous rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. This was raised in 1738 to Grand Guardian, when also the posthumous name Hsiang-ch'io 襄慤 and an imperial eulogy were conferred. The dukedom passed to his son, Huang Ying-tsuan 黃應纘, who was succeeded by his nephew, Huang Shih-chien 黃仕簡, and the latter in turn by his grandson, Huang Chia-mo 黃嘉謨.
[See bibliography of Huang Wu.]
HUANG Fang-tu 黃芳度 (T. 壽巖), d. Nov. 22, 1675 age 25 (sui), eldest son of Huang Wu [q. v.], Ch'ing general, was a native of Pring-ho, Fukien. When his father died (1674) Huang Fang-tu outwardly accepted Kêng Ching-chung's [q. v.] invitation to join in the rebellion but secretly recruited 6,000 volunteers to defend Chang-chou, and at the same time reported his decision to Peking. The Emperor authorized his succession to the dukedom of Hai-ch'êng (see under Huang Wu) and charged him to join the government forces in the defense of Fukien. He attempted to resist Kêng Ching-chung and to conciliate Chêng Ching [q. v.], but when the two rebels joined forces his dual policy collapsed. He made a brilliant defense of Chang-chou, and sent his cousin Huang Fang-t'ai [q. v.] to meet a relieving force from Kwangtung. Unable to hold out until relief came, he drowned himself in the well of K'ai-yüan monastery 開元寺, November 22, 1675, at the age of twenty-five (sui). More than thirty of his relatives, including his mother, wife, and two younger brothers also committed suicide, as did several of his officers. The Emperor conferred on him the posthumous rank of prince, the name
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