plot to have Emperor Tê-tsung murdered or someone else put in his place was under way, and Tsai-i was active in it since his eldest son, P'u-chün 溥儁, was to be the successor. Tsai-i was disappointed, however, to find the plot frustrated by the disapproval of foreign diplomats and provincial officials, and had to be satisfied with having his son named heir-apparent (early in 1900). His grievances against foreigners were thus to him very real, and it is not surprising that he lent to the Boxers, who were anti-foreign, his definite support. He, perhaps more than anyone else, was responsible for influencing the Empress Dowager to favor the Boxers and to summon them to Peking. On June 10, 1900 he was appointed chief member of the Tsungli Yamen, indicating a definite trend toward anti-foreignism in the Court. Concurrently he held the post of general commandant of the Marksmen for Tiger Hunts (虎槍營) and, as father of the heir-apparent, had more influence than other Imperial Clansmen. He and other arch-conservatives such as Tsai-hsün (see under Yin-lu) seized upon the plan of using the Boxers to attack the foreigners in Peking. Some officials who opposed his policy were executed (see under Hsü Ching-ch'êng). High officials like Jung-lu [q. v.] and Prince Ch'ing (I-k'uang, see under Yung-lin) who foresaw the disastrous consequences of the policy, were forced into silence, perhaps thinking that Tsai-i's will should prevail since it was his son who was to inherit the throne. Up until the time that the foreign troops entered Peking and lifted the siege of the Legation Quarter (August 14), Tsai-i exercised almost full control, even attempting, it is alleged, to murder Emperor Tê-tsung, Prince Ch'ing, and others.
When the Empress Dowager and the Emperor fled from Peking on August 15 Tsai-i, Tsai-hsün, and Tsai-lan followed. On August 31 Tsai-i was made a Grand Councilor but on September 25, when the Court, then in Taiyuan, Shansi, was pressed by the foreign powers to punish the sponsors of the Boxer movement, Tsai-hsün, Tsai-lien, and others were reduced to commoners, and Tsai-i was deprived of his offices. But the Allies were not satisfied with this lenient treatment. On February 13, 1901 Tsai-hsün was ordered to commit suicide, and this took place on February 21. The former governor of Shansi, Yü-hsien (see under Jung-lu), was ordered to be executed. Though the Allies demanded death sentences for Tsai-i and Tsai-lan, they had to be content with an order that the two would be banished to Ili and imprisoned there for life. It is said that when Tsai-i was informed of this sentence at Ning-hsia, he set off immediately for Ili, only too happy that his life was spared. He remained in exile for ten years, and took up residence in Kansu after that province joined the revolution in 1911. On November 30, 1901 his son, P'u-chün, was deprived of his status as heir-apparent and was expelled from the Palace.
[1/171/22b; 1/227/7b; Lo Tun-jung 羅惇曧, 拳變餘聞 Ch'üan-pien yü-wên in 庸言 Yung-yen, vol. I, no. 4 (Jan. 16, 1913); Bland and Backhouse, China under the Empress Dowager (1910) with portrait of P'u-chün, opposite page 280; I-chih [q. v.], Lo-hsün-li chai shih-kao.]
INGGÛLDAI 英俄爾岱, 1596–1648, Feb., belonged to the Tatara clan living at Jakûmu. As a young boy he was taken by his grandfather, Daitukû hari 岱圖庫哈理, to join the forces of Nurhaci [q. v.]. He first won distinction in 1619 at the attack on K'ai-yüan when he killed a Mongol warrior named Abur who was fighting on the Chinese side. After further exploits he was promoted in 1621 to a place as lieutenant-colonel in the Plain White Banner. During Abahai's [q. v.] campaign into north China in 1629 Inggûldai and Fan Wên-ch'êng [q. v.], were put in charge of the captured city of Tsun-hua while the main force moved on towards Peking. He again showed his bravery by repulsing a Ming army that was attempting to retake the surrounding territory. Two years later, when the six ministries were established, Inggûldai became a director in the Board of Revenue. During the next two years he collected food and other supplies for the Manchu armies. As the best source for these was Korea he went twice on missions into that country in 1633 to arrange for levies of grain. In 1636, when again in Korea to announce the assumption by Abahai of the imperial title of T'ai-tsung, his life was endangered and he was forced to make a hasty and dramatic escape back across the border. The hostile attitude of Korea led T'ai-tsung to make war on her in the same year. By 1637 the Korean king had been driven into hiding and Inggûldai and another general were sent as commissioners to arrange terms of peace. Supplies continued to be brought from Korea under the direction of Inggûldai who discharged the duties of his office with distinction. Although accused
394
