he became a disciple of Wang Shih-chên [q. v.] in 1697, and with the encouragement of his grand-uncle, Yün-tuan (see under Yolo), he devoted his life to this accomplishment. In 1714 he pleaded illness and was exempted from service in the Imperial Clan Court. He spent most of his summers at his country villa located about fifty li southwest of Peking—the remainder of the time he lived in the ancestral home (see above). He often made trips to the hills and loved to gather about him scholars of like mind to write verse or to plant flowers. He left 21 collections of poems, in 32 chüan, printed from time to time and known collectively as 紫幢軒詩 Tzŭ-ch'uang hsüan shih, or 薌嬰居士集 Hsiang-ying chü-shih chi. The Library of Congress possesses an incomplete manuscript copy containing 14 of the 21 collections. Since in it the character li 歷 is not altered to 歴 in conformity with the taboo of Emperor Kao-tsung's personal name (Hung-li, q.v.), it is likely that the manuscript was made before 1735. Moreover, the handwriting and the alterations in the text suggest that it was the author's personal copy.
Wên-chao also produced several anthologies. One of these, entitled 宸萼集 Ch'ên-o-chi, 3 chüan, was compiled in 1710. It contains verse by poets belonging to the Imperial Clan, and is probably no longer extant. The original manuscripts of another anthology, 詩管 Shih kuan, in 14 volumes, were once in the possession of Wêng T'ung-ho [q. v.] who gave them to Shêng-yü [q. v.] in 1898.
[1/223/7a; 1/489/27b; Hsüeh-ch'iao shih-hua (see under Shêng-yü) 3/55b–63a; ibid, hsü-chi 3/3a, 52b, 106a, 4/37a; 順天府志 Shun-t'ien fu-chih (1885) 13/14a; Ch'ou-pan I-wu shih-mo (see under I-hsin), Hsien-fêng 70/33a-34b; on verse of Wên-chao see: Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress (1939) p. 267–68.]
Fang Chao-ying
JAO-yü, Prince. See under Abatai.
JÊN Huang-ti. Posthumous name of Hsüan-yeh [q. v.].
JÊN-tsung. Temple name of Yung-yen [q. v.].
JIDU 濟度, 1633–1660, Aug. 6, member of the Imperial Family, was the second son of Jirgalang [q. v.] and a grandson of Šurhaci [q. v.]. In 1652, at the age of twenty-two (sui), he was appointed a general in charge of an expedition against Chêng Ch'êng-kung [q. v.] and was given the title of Ting-yüan Ta-chiang-chün 定遠大將軍. He succeeded in 1656 in inflicting damage on the enemy's fleet and returned the following year to Peking. His father had died two years previously, and he succeeded to his father's rank of Ch'in-wang, but the designation was changed from Chêng 鄭 to Chien 簡. He himself died three years later, and in 1671 was given the posthumous name Ch'un 純. His princedom was later inherited by his second son, Labu [q. v.].
[1/221/9a; 2/2/29a; 34/124/15a.]
George A. Kennedy
JIRGALANG 濟爾哈朗, 1599–1655, June 11, was a member of the Imperial Family and the sixth son of Šurhaci [q. v.]. Brought up by his uncle, Nurhaci [q. v.]—his father having died when he was about twelve years old—he received the title of beile, and distinguished himself in an expedition to Mongolia led by Abatai [q. v.] in 1625. In 1627 he served under his brother, Amin [q. v.], in Korea and together with Yoto [q. v.] took the responsibility of concluding peace with the Korean king. He then proceeded with Manggûltai [q. v.] and others to Ning-yüan where he was wounded in a battle against the Chinese general, Man Kuei [q. v.]. In 1629 he was prominent in the Manchu offensive across the Great Wall into China proper, and in the following spring, until relieved by Amin, he shared with Sahaliyen [q. v.] the occupation of the captured city of Yung-p'ing. About 1630 he came to the control of the Bordered Blue Banner which had belonged to Amin. When the Six Ministries were instituted in 1631 he was given charge of the Board of Punishments, but continued his active military career, taking part in the battle of Ta-ling-ho and the punitive expedition against the Chahar Mongols. In 1633 he kept back a combined force of Chinese and Koreans at the mouth of the Yalu river, thus allowing K'ung Yu-tê and Kêng Chung-ming [qq. v.] to escape and join the Manchus. When the name Ta Ch'ing was assumed for the Manchu dynasty in 1636, Jirgalang was created a prince of the first degree (Ch'in-wang) with the designation Chêng (鄭親王) and with rights of perpetual inheritance. He was intrusted, in Abahai's [q. v.] absence, with the protection of the capital, Shêng-ching (Mukden).
From 1638 to 1643 Jirgalang was a prominent figure in the war, and in the latter year, upon the accession of the young Emperor Shih-tsu he was appointed co-regent with Dorgon [q. v.].
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