governor-general of Shensi and Szechwan. When, in 1738, the Tibetans demanded the restoration of their Kham territory Jalangga advised Emperor Kao-tsung to retain it under the jurisdiction of Szechwan in order to maintain the communication lines to Lhasa. To compensate the Dalai and the Pan-ch'an Lamas for their loss of revenue, a certain amount of silver was to be given them annually. This sound and farsighted suggestion of Jalangga was accepted by the emperor and was carried out accordingly.
Late in 1738 there was a serious earthquake at Ninghsia, and Jalangga promptly went there to oversee relief, dispatching at the same time a military contingent to maintain order. For this act he was commended by the emperor. He was recalled in 1738, but did not leave his post until the following year when his successor arrived at Sian. Upon his arrival at Peking he was given the title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In April 1747 he was accused of having received bribes from his subordinates eight years previously. Emperor Kao-tsung commented that he could not order the persecution or punishment of an old minister who had served his father well, but that he had other ways of dealing with him. It seems that his property was at one time confiscated. Within a month Jalangga was allowed to retire on account of old age. About six months later he died.
[1/303/1a; 2/16/27a; 3/19/12a; Pa-ch'i Man-chou shih-tsu t'ung-p'u (see under Anfiyanggû) chüan 23; P'ing-ting Chun-ko-êr fang-lüeh ch'ien-pien (see under Fu-hêng); Rockhill, W. W., The Dalai Lamas of Lhasa (1910); Ch'i Yün-shih [q. v.], Huang-ch'ao Fan-pu yao-lüeh, chüan 18.]
JANGTAI 彰泰, 1636–1690, general, was a member of the Imperial Family. He was a great-grandson of Nurhaci [q. v.], a grandson of Abatai [q. v.], and a son of Bohoto (see under Abatai). After Bohoto died (1648) Jangtai inherited the reduced rank of a prince of the fifth degree which, however, was soon raised one degree to beise 貝子. In 1674, when Shang-shan 尚善 (beile, or prince of the third degree, d. 1678), a grandson of Šurhaci [q. v.], was made commander-in-chief of the armies sent to Hunan to suppress the rebellion of Wu San-kuei [q. v.], Jangtai was appointed assistant commander. While in Hupeh Jangtai and Shang-shan were several times reprimanded for their inactivity and were urged to advance southward on Changsha. In 1676 they reported a naval victory on Lake Tung-t'ing, but were unable to dislodge Wu's men from northern Hunan.
In 1678 Shang-shan died and Cani 察尼 (d. 1688, posthumous name 恪僖, fourth son of Dodo, q.v.) succeeded to the rank of commander-in-chief. Jangtai was given the title of Fu-yüan Chiang-chün 撫遠將軍. In 1679 when Wu's forces in Hunan collapsed, Jangtai recovered several cities in northern Hunan while his uncle, Yolo [q. v.], took Changsha; and a cousin, Labu [q. v.], took Hengchow. Late in 1679, after they had joined forces at Hengchow, Yolo was recalled to Peking while Jangtai succeeded him as commander-in-chief with the title Ting-yüan p'ing-k'ou Ta Chiang-chün (see under Yolo). After conquering Hunan, Jangtai and Ts'ai Yü-jung [q. v.] together advanced on Kweichow (1680).
In 1681 Jangtai entered Yunnan where Wu's forces had retreated. Combining his forces with the army from Kwangsi under Laita (see under Gubadai), and the men from Szechwan under Chao Liang-tung [q. v.], he won many battles and entered the capital of Yunnan on December 8. After the province was pacified he and Laita returned to Peking (November 1682) and were greeted by the emperor personally outside the south gate. However, when the merits and demerits of the generals were weighed in 1683, he had against him the charge of having failed to make progress in the first years of the war. Owing to his later achievements the charge was cancelled, but he received only a monetary reward. He died seven years later and his third son, Tunju 屯珠 (T. 拙齋, H. 髯翁, posthumous name 恪敏, 1658–1718), inherited the rank of a prince of the fifth degree. After Tunju died the latter's adopted grandson (son of Wên-chao, see below) inherited a princedom of the sixth degree which remained in the family until the close of the dynasty. The ancestral residence, however, fell into decay and the family moved to other quarters. In 1860 that residence was allotted to the use of the French Legation.
Jangtai's eldest son, Pai-shou 百綬, was in 1668 made a prince of the fifth degree, but was degraded in 1686 and was deprived of all ranks in 1688. A son of Pai-shou named Wên-chao 文昭 (T. 子晉, H. 香嬰, 薌嬰, 北柴山人, 檜棲居士, Feb. 13, 1681–1732), was a poet. In the hope of improving his technique in poetry
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