After the death of Liu Yü-sung his eldest son, Liu Shou-tsêng 劉壽曾 (T. 恭甫, H. 芝雲, 1838–1882), became a member of the staff of the Kiangnan Printing Office and served there until 1881. He and his younger brother, Liu Kuei-tsêng 劉貴曾 (T. 良輔, H. 少崖, 抱甕居士, 1845–1898), took up Liu Yü-sung's study on the Ch'un-ch'iu Tso-shih chuan, but they did not complete it. The last scholar who devoted himself to this task was a son of Liu Kuei-tsêng, named Liu Shih-p'ei 劉師培 (T. 申叔, H. 左盦, 1884–1919). The latter died comparatively young, leaving no one in the Liu family to carry on the work. The voluminous manuscript drafts on which four generations of the Liu family had labored thus failed to be published. Liu Shih-p'ei served in his twenties as a private secretary to Tuan-fang [q. v.], but after the death of the latter (1911), he taught in the Chengtu Higher Normal School. Late in 1915 he was made a member of the Advisory Council to the President and supported the attempt of Yüan Shih-k'ai (see under Yüan Chia-san) to re-establish the Imperial regime. After the death of Yüan in June of the following year Liu Shih-p'ei retired temporarily. Late in 1917 he became a teacher in the Peking National University, a position which he held until his death, November 20, 1919. As a scholar he was anxious to maintain the traditions of native scholarship and was opposed to Western innovations. Numerous articles by him were published in the three sinological journals: 國粹學報 Kuo-ts'ui hsüeh-pao between 1905–11; 四川國學雜志 Szechwan kuo-hsüeh tsa-chih between 1912–14; and 國故 Kuo-ku in 1919. The drafts of his lectures at the Peking National University were printed under the titles 中國文學 Chung-keo wên-hsüeh and 中國中古文學史 Chung-kuo chung-ku wên-hsieh shih. A collection of his prose, entitled 左盦集, Tso-an chi, 8 chüan, was printed about 1910 and again in 1928.
[1/488/22a; 2/69/42a; 5/74/19b, 75/9a; 6/卷末/4a; Liu Kung-mien (see under Liu Pao-nan), 廣經堂文鈔 Kuang-ching t'ang wên-ch'ao (1889) 45b; Tso-an chi (see above) 6/1a; T'ung-i t'ang wên-chi; Kojima Yūma 小島祐馬, 劉師培の學 in 藝文 Geibun, vol. XI, nos. 5 and 7 (1920).]
Hiromu Momose
LIU Yung 劉墉 (T. 崇如, H. 穆庵, 石庵), 1720–1805, Jan. 24, official and calligrapher, was a native of Chu-ch'êng, Shantung, and son of the Grand Secretary, Liu T'ung-hsün [q. v.]. A chin-shih of 1751, he was a year later appointed a compiler in the Hanlin Academy. In 1755 his father, then governor-general of Shensi and Kansu, was imprisoned by the emperor for failure in military operations. As a result of his father's disgrace Liu Yung, who had received several promotions during 1755, was also arrested. A month later he was freed but reduced to the rank of a compiler. Thereafter, he served as commissioner of education in Anhwei (1756–59) and Kansu (1759–62); as prefect of Taiyuan, Shansi (1762–65); and as intendant of the Chi-Ning Circuit in the same province (1765–66). In 1766 the magistrate of a district in the Taiyuan prefecture was found to have embezzled official funds during Liu Yung's term of office. Since, as prefect, he was held responsible for the conduct of all officials within his jurisdiction, Liu was removed from office and condemned to death. His sentence, however, was commuted by the Emperor to exile in army service. In 1767 he was recalled to the capital and given work in the Wu-ying tien, or Palace Printing Office and Book Bindery. Two years later, as a favor to his aged father, the emperor appointed Liu Yung prefect of Chiang-ning-fu (Nanking). He was made intendant of salt and couriers for Kiangsi the following year, and in 1772 was promoted to the office of provincial judge of Shensi. Upon the death of his father in 1773, he obtained leave of absence to return home and observe the customary period of mourning.
Returning to Peking in 1776, Liu Yung was made a sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat and one of the assistant librarians of the Imperial Library, Wên Yüan Ko (see under Chi Yün). A year later he was appointed commissioner of education of Kiangsu. While serving as commissioner he brought the writings of Hsü Shu-k'uei [q. v.] to the attention of the emperor and this resulted in a severe inquisition. Owing either to his alertness in this case or to his reputation as a just and efficient educational administrator, he was rapidly promoted, serving as governor of Hunan (1780) and, late in 1781, as president of the Censorate. In 1782 he was promoted to the presidency of the Board of Works, and during the same year was appointed chief tutor in the Imperial School for the Emperor's sons. In 1783 he was transferred to the presidency of the Board of Civil Offices and in 1785 was made an Assistant Grand Secretary.
536
