K'un-hsieh chi-wên san-chien, and Li Ê his Sung-shih chi-shih. It was from the Ma brothers, too, that Lu Chien-tsêng [q. v.], for two terms (1737–38 and 1753–62) Salt Commissioner of the Liang-Huai region, received help in printing Wang Shih-chên's [q. v.] Yü-yang kan-chiu chi and Chu I-tsun's [q. v.] Ching-i k'ao.
The collected literary works of Ma Yüeh-kuan were entitled 沙河逸老小稿 Sha-ho i-lao hsiao-kao in 6 chüan, and his poems in irregular metre (tz'ŭ) were named 嶰谷詞 Hsieh-ku tz'ŭ. Ma Yüeh-kuan also compiled two collections of verse written by himself, his brother, and their friends on pleasure trips: one entitled 林屋唱酬集 Lin-wu ch'ang-ch'ou chi, on excursions to Soochow, Kiangsu, in 1752; the other, 焦山紀遊集 Chiao-shan chi-yu chi, on boat trips to Chiao-shan, an island in the Yangtze River, opposite Yangchow. Ma Yüeh-lu's collected literary works in 6 chüan, with 2 chüan of tz'ŭ appended, were entitled 南齋集 Nan-chai chi. All the afore-mentioned works appear in the Yüeh-ya t'ang ts'ung-shu (see under Wu Ch'ung-yüeh).
[3/435/17a, 20a; 20/2/00 (portrait); 31/4/12b; Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih (see under P'an Tsu-yin) 5/9b; Hui-chou-fu chih (1827) 11/4/46a, b.]
MA-ch'i 馬齊. See under Maci.
MACI 馬齊 (d. 1739, age 88 sui), official, was a member of the Fuca clan and belonged to the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. He was the second son of Misḥan [q. v.] and was an honorary licentiate. In 1669 he was appointed assistant department director in the Board of Works and six years later was transferred to the Board of Revenue. Meanwhile, in 1672, he was made captain of a new company in his own Banner (see under Maska). Promoted in 1682 to a department directorship in the Board of Works, he was sent to Wuhu, Anhwei, as supervisor of Customs. During his term of office the income of the Wuhu customs exceeded the usual amount and Maci was recommended for promotion. Made a reader in the Grand Secretariat in 1684, he was appointed financial commissioner of Shansi in 1685, conceding his captaincy to his younger brother, Li-jung-pao (see under Misḥan). Promoted to the governorship of the same province a year later, he won fame by his able administration. In 1688 he and Yü Ch'êng-lung (q.v. 1638–1700), were sent to try two Hupeh officials, Chang Ch'ien and Tsu Tsê-shên (see Ch'ên T'ing-ching for former, Kao Shih-ch'i for latter), who were accused of corruption. Both were found guilty and many high officials in Peking were exposed as having received bribes from them. This episode enhanced the fame of Maci as an incorruptible and dauntless official and in 1688 he was made president of the Censorate. In the same year an embassy under Songgotu [q. v.] was dispatched to confer with the Russian delegates at Selenginsk, on a boundary dispute. Maci, as one of the embassy, memorialized the throne on the value of having one or two Chinese attached to the party as secretaries to write up the expedition. Although the mission was turned back in Outer Mongolia by Galdan's [q. v.] invasion of that region, the daily happenings, the routes taken, and the distances covered were clearly recorded in Chinese (see under Chang P'êng-ko). As to the embassy of the ensuing year, which concluded the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia, little was said in Chinese accounts and the only journal about it was that kept by P. Gerbillon (see under Songgotu). Maci did not go to Nerchinsk in 1689 but stayed in Peking as head of the Censorate. He succeeded in persuading Emperor Shêng-tsu to order the Board of Colonial Affairs to prepare Chinese as well as Manchu and Mongolian copies of every document. In 1690 he was made a member of the Council of Princes and High Officials; later in the same year he was made acting president; and early in the following year, president of the Board of War.
During the next few years Maci took part in the war preparations against Galdan. For a time he was in Kweihwa directing relief of the Khalkas of Outer Mongolia who had sought shelter after being driven from their own pasturage by Galdan. Maci also conducted a trial of some Mongolian princes found guilty of a secret alliance with the Eleuths. In 1692 he was transferred to the Board of Revenue. Four years later he organized a regiment of Mongols which formed part of the emperor's army in the expedition to Outer Mongolia. In the absence of the emperor, Maci stayed in Peking to help the heir-apparent, Yin-jêng [q. v.], in conducting the government. Later he had charge of the establishment of post-stations along the route from Peking to Ninghsia, Kansu, to provide for the expedition of 1697 (see under Hsüan-yeh and Fiyanggû). During the next few years he was several times sent to inspect River Conservancy works and to conduct the trial of several high officials. Late in 1699 he was made a Grand Secretary.
In 1708 Maci narrowly escaped the death pen-
560
