was inherited by O-êr-t'ai's eldest son, O-jung-an 鄂容安 (T. 虛亭, posthumous name 剛烈, chin-shih of 1733), and in 1749 the designation Hsiang-ch'in 襄勤 was prefixed to the earldom. After O-jung-an lost his life at the hands of the Eleuths in 1755 (see under Bandi), O-êr-t'ai's second son, O-shih 鄂實 (posthumous name 果壯), volunteered to go to the front, but was killed in action near Yarkand in 1758 (see under Chao-hui). Both brothers were celebrated in the Temple of Zealots of the Dynasty, their portraits being hung in the hall, Tzŭ-kuang ko (see under Chao-hui).
O-êr-t'ai left a collection of prose writings, entitled 西林遺稿 Hsi-lin i-kao, 6 chüan, which was first published only in part, but was printed in full in 1774. A collection of his poems, 文蔚堂詩集 Wên-wei-t'ang shih-chi, 8 chüan, seems to exist only in manuscript.
Of various government publications compiled under O-êr-t'ai's direction, the following may be mentioned: commentaries to the classics on ceremony, entitled San-Li i-shu (see under Fang Pao and Li Fu); a history of the Manchu Banner System, entitled Pa-ch'i t'ung-chih (see under Li Fu); a genealogy of the Manchu clans and families, entitled Pa-ch'i Man-chou shih-tsu t'ung-p'u, 80 + 2 chüan, printed early in 1745 (see under Anfiyanggû); on the laws governing Bannermen, entitled Pa-ch'i tsê-li (則例), 12 chüan, printed in 1746; on the laws governing the military affairs of the empire, entitled 中樞政考 Chung-chü chêng-k'ao, 31 chüan, printed in 1746; an illustrated treatise on agriculture, entitled Shou-shih t'ung-k'ao, 78 chüan, completed in 1742 (see under Ch'ên Tzŭ-lung and Sung Ying-hsing); and a general treatise on medicine, entitled 醫宗金鑑 I-tsung chin-chien, 90 + 1 chüan, completed in 1743 and printed about the same time.
[1/294/1a; 1/318/5a; 1/321/1a; 3/18/12a, 補; 19/乙下/19a; T'ieh-pao [q. v.], Hsi-ch'ao ya-sung chi, 19/1a; Yin-chên [q. v.], Yung-chêng chu-p'i yü-chih (O-êr-t'ai); Pa-ch'i t'ung-chih, 120/85b, 181/1a; Shêng-yü [q. v.], Pa-ch'i wên-ching, 58/1a; Pa-ch'i Man-chou shih-tsu t'ung-p'u, 17/1a, 2a; Chang T'ing-yü, Nien-p'u, 5/10b; Hsü Ch'i 徐琪, 頌芬詠烈編 Sung-fên-yung-lieh pien (records of Hsü Pên's family) ; Ch'ing-tai wên-tzŭ-yü tang (see bibl. under Huang T'ing-kuei), vol. 1; Goodrich, L. C., Literary Inquisition of Ch'ien-lung, pp. 94–96.]
OMUTU 鄂穆[貌]圖 or Omuktu 鄂莫[謨]克圖 (T. 麟閣, H. 遇義[堯]), 1614–1662, Jan. 21, official and one of the earliest Manchu scholars, was a member of the Janggiya clan (張佳 or 章佳) and of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. Well trained in his youth in riding and archery as well as in the classics and history, he passed the examination at Mukden for hsiu-ts'ai in 1638 and for chü-jên in 1641. Thereafter he worked at the Manchu translation of the Ta-Ming hui-tien (see under Dahai). In 1644 he followed the Court to Peking where he was raised to a sub-reader in the Pi-shu Yüan 秘書院, one of the Three Inner Courts which were later changed to the Grand Secretariat. Then he served as a compiler in the commission for the Shih-lu or "veritable records" of Emperors T'ai-tsu and T'ai-tsung, and as a translator of the Kang-chien hui-tsüan (see under Dahai) and of the Classic of Poetry and the Record of Rites.
Owing to his knowledge of military tactics, Omutu served most of the time as a member of the staff in some campaign, spending only short periods in Peking. From 1644 to 1645 he accompanied Dodo [q. v.] to T'ung-kuan, Shensi, in pursuit of Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.] and then helped in the conquest of Kiangsu; in 1646 he followed Bolo [q. v.] to Fukien; and from 1647 to 1651 he was with Jirgalang [q. v.] pacifying Szechwan and the neighboring provinces. Returning to Peking in 1651, he was made a reader of the Hung-wên Yüan 弘文院, another of the Inner Courts, and was rewarded with the minor hereditary rank of Ch'i-tu-yü for his military exploits. In 1653, after being made a sub-chancellor of the Pi-shu Yüan, he accompanied Yolo [q. v.] to Outer Mongolia to subdue the Tushetu Khan, and in 1654 he went to Fukien under Jidu [q. v.] to fight against Chêng Ch'êng-kung [q. v.].
When the Three Inner Courts were abolished in 1658, Omutu was made sub-chancellor of the Chung-ho Tien (中和殿學士), one of the titles given at that time to s sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat. Then he joined Doni (see under Dodo) in a campaign to conquer Yunnan and Kweichow from the Southern Ming prince, Chu Yu-lang [q. v.]. The campaign was successfully concluded in 1661. In the same year (1661), after Emperor Shih-tsu had died and the Three Inner Courts were restored, he was again made a sub-chancellor of the Pi-shu Yüan. Upon his return with the armies to Peking, he died near Tientsin and was given posthumous honors
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