London, where he made the acquaintance of many persons of distinction, and the same year was chosen fellow of the Eoyal Society. On the death in November 1755 of his brother Dr James Gregory, who had succeeded his father as professor of medicine in King s College, Aberdeen, he was appointed to that office. In 1764 he removed to Edinburgh in the hope of obtaining a more extended field of practice as a physician, and in 176(5 he was appointed professor of the practice of physic in the university of Edinburgh, to whose eminence as a medical school he largely contributed. From his eighteenth year Dr Gregory had been subject at irregular intervals to attacks of gout, and on the morning of February 10th, 1773, he was found dead in bed apparently from the results of this disease. He is the author of A Comparative View of the State and Facul ties of Man with those of the Animal World, 1765 ; Observations on the Duties, Offices, and Qualifications of a Physician, 1772; Elements of the Practice of Physic, 1772 ; and A Father s Legacy to his Daughters, 1774. His Whole Works, with a life by Mr Tytler (afterwards Lord Woodhouselee), were published at Edinburgh in 1788.
V. James Gregory (1753-1821), professor of the practice of medicine in the university of Edinburgh, eldest son of the preceding, was born at Aberdeen in 1753, and received there the rudiments of his education. He accom- paniel his father to Edinburgh in 1764, and after going through the usual course of literary studies at that uni versity, he was for a short time a student at Christ Church, Oxford. It was there probably that he acquired that taste fur classical learning which afterwards distinguished him. He then entered on the study of medicine at Edin burgh, and, after graduating doctor of medicine in 1774, spent the greater part of the next two years in Holland, France, and Italy. Shortly after his return to Scotland he was appointed in 1776 to the chair his father had formerly held, and in the following year he also entered on the duties of teacher of clinical medicine in the Royal Infirmary. On the illness of Dr Cullen in 1790 he was appointed joint-professor of the practice of medicine ; he became sole professor on the death of Dr Cullen in the same year ; and he continued to deliver lectures on that subject, to audiences almost regularly increasing, until his last illness in 1821. He died on the 2d April of that year. As a medical practitioner Dr Gregory was for the last ten years of his life decidedly at the head of the profession in Scotland; and as a professor his quickness and command ing energy of intellect, his power of perspicuous and elegant exposition, and his genuine sense of humour gave him a remarkable ascendency over the minds of his pupils. Besides his Conspectus Medicines Theoretics, published in 1788 as a text-book for his lectures on the institutes, Dr Gregory was the author of " A Theory of the Moods of Verbs," published in the Edin. Phil. Trans., 1787, and of Literary and Philosophical Essays, published in two volumes in 1792.
VI. William Gregory (1803-1858), son of the preceding, was born 25th December 1803. In 1837 he became professor of chemistry at the Andersonian Institution, Glasgow, in 1839 at King s College, Aberdeen, and in 1844 at Edinburgh University. He died April 24, 1858. Gregory was one of the first in England to advocate the theories of Liebig, and translated several of his works. He is also the author of Outlines of Chemistry, 1845, and an Elementary Treatise on Chemistry reprinted from the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1855.
VII. Duncan Farquharson Gregory (1813-1844), brother of the preceding, was born 13th April 1813. After studying at the university of Edinburgh he in 1833 entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was for a time assistant professor of chemistry, and was one of the founders of the chemical society. He latterly devoted his chief attention to mathematics, in which he made some important discoveries. He died 23d February 1844. The Cambridge Mathematical Journal was originated, and for some time edited, by Gregory; and he also published a Collection of Examples of Processes in the Differential and Integral Calculus, 1841. A Treatise on tJie Application of Analysis to Solid Geometry, which he left unfinished, was completed by W. Walton, and pub lished posthumously in 1846. His Mathematical Writings, edited . by W. Walton, with a biographical memoir by Robert Leslie Ellis, appeared in 1865.
GREGORY, Olinthus, LL.D. (1774-1841), was born
29th January 1774 at Yaxley, in Huntingdonshire. He
was only nineteen when he published Lessons Astronomical
and Philosophical (1793), and soon after, by a manuscript
on the " Use of the Sliding Rule," he was fortunate enough
to excite the interest of Dr Button, professor of mathe
matics at the Royal Military Academy of Woolwich.
Having settled at Cambridge in 1798, Gregory first acted
as subeditor of a provincial newspaper, and then opened a
bookseller s shop ; but before long he found that he would
be better off as a private teacher of mathematics. In
1802 he obtained an appointment as mathematical master
at Woolwich through the influence of Hutton ; and when
Hutton resigned in 1807, Gregory succeeded him in the
professorship. Failing health obliged him to retire in 1838,
and he died at Woolwich 2d February 1841.
Of Gregory s numerous mathematical works it is enough to men
tion Hints for the Use of Teachers of Elementary Mathematics (1840;
new edition, 1853), and Mathematics for Practical Men (1825),
which was revised and enlarged by Henry Law in 1848, and again
by J. E. Young in 1862. His Letters on the Evidences of Chris
tianity (1815) have been several times reprinted, and an abridg
ment was published by the Eeligious Tract Society in 1853. He
will probably be longest remembered for his Biography of Robert
Hall, which first appeared in the collected edition of Hall s works,
was published separately in 1833, and has since passed through
several editions. The minor importance of his Memoir of Joint
Mason Good (1828) is due to the narrower fame of the subject.
Gregory was one of the founders of the Eoyal Astronomical Society.
In 1802 he was appointed editor of the Gentlemen s Diary, and in
1818 editor of the Ladies Diary and superintendent of the almanacs
of the Stationers Company.
GREIFENBERG, the chief town of a circle in the
Prussian province of Pomerania and government of Stettin,
is situated on the Rega, 45 miles N.E. of Stettin. It
possesses a royal gymnasium and a higher girls school.
Agriculture, linen-weaving, and the manufacture of stoves
are the principal industries. Griefenberg possessed town
rights as early as 1262, and in the 14th and 15th centuries
had a considerable shipping trade, but lost much of its
prosperity during the Thirty Years War. Including the
garrison, the population in 1875 was 5631. See Riemann,
Geschichte der Stadt Greifenberg in Pommern, 1862.
GREIFENHAGEN, the chief town of a circle in the
Prussian province of Pomerania and government of Stettin,
is situated on the Reglitz, 12 miles S.S.W. of Stettin. Its
prosperity depends chiefly on agriculture, and it has a con
siderable cattle trade. There are also linen manufactories
and saw-mills. Greifenhagen was built in 1230, and was
raised to the rank of a town and fortified in 1262. In the
Thirty Years War it was taken both by the imperialists
and the Swedes, and in 1675 it was captured by the Branden-
burgers, into whose possession it came finally in 1679.
The population in 1875 was 6759.
GREIFSWALD, or Greifswalde, the chief town of a
circle in the Prussian province of Pomerania and govern
ment of Stralsund, is situated on the Ryck, 3 miles from
its mouth in the Baltic, and 20 miles S. by E. of Stralsund,
It has wide and regular streets, and is surrounded by pro
menades formed out of its old ramparts. It is the seat of
a court of appeal for the government district of Stralsund.
The university, founded in 1456, is attended by nearly 500
students, about one-half of whom belong to the medical
faculty ; connected with it are an anatomical theatre, an
infirmary, a chemical laboratory, a pathological institute,
and a library containing nearly 140,000 volumes. The
