" Wilhelm read a sort of farce written in the Frankfort dialect, depicting the malheurs of a rich Frankfort trades man on a holiday jaunt on Sunday. It was very droll, and he read it admirably." Cleasby describes him as "an uncommonly animated, jovial fellow." He was, accord ingly, much sought in society, which he frequented much more than his brother.
His first work was a spirited translation of the Danish Kocmpcviscr (Altdanische Heldenlieder), published in 1811-13, which attracted great attention, and made his name at first more widely known than that of his brother. The most important of his text-editions are Ruolandslid, Gb ttingen, 1838; Konrad von Wiirzlunfs Goldcue Schmiede, Berlin, 1840; Grave Ruodolf, Gottingrm, 1844 (2d ed.); Athis und Prophilias, Berlin, 1846; Altdeutsche Gesprdche, Berlin, 1851; Freidank, Gottingen, 1860 (2d ed.). Of his other works the most important is Deutsche Heldensage, Berlin, 1868 (2d ed.). His Deutsche Runen (Gottingen, 1821) has now only an historical interest. (H. SW. )
GRIMMA, a town in the circle of Leipsic, Saxony, is
situated on the left bank of the Mulde, 19 miles S.E. of
Leipsic. In the Middle Ages it was an important com
mercial town, but agriculture is now its principal industry,
although its manufactures have for some time been increas
ing. Besides large flour-mills there are yarn-bleaching and
dyeing works, and outside the town are the Golzermiihle,
which include an iron foundry and manufactories of paper
and machinery. The principal buildings are the old castle,
founded in the 12th century, in which the margraves
of Meissen and the electors of Saxony often held court ;
the tow r n-house, dating from 1442 ; the two normal semi
naries ; the real school of the second order ; and the famous
FiirstenscJiule (Illustre Moldanum) erected by the elector
Maurice on the site of the former Augustine monastery and
consecrated in 1550, having provision for 104 free scholars
and 22 boarders, and a library now numbering 10,000
volumes. In the immediate neighbourhood are the Cister
cian monastery in which Catherine von Bora lived, and the
village of Doben, with an old castle in which Albert the
Proud kept his father Ottoithe Rich prisoner. Grimma is
of Sorbian origin, and came into the possession of Germany
through the emperor Henry I. The population in 1875
was 7273.
GRIMSBY, Great, a municipal and parliamentary
borough and seaport town of England, county of Lincoln,
is situated on the south side of the estuary of the Humber
nearly opposite Spurn Head, and 17 miles E.S.E. of Hull.
Since the opening in 1852, under the auspices of the
Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway Company,
of extensive docks occupying a space of 140 acres reclaimed
from the sea, the shipping trade of Grimsby has largely
increased. A new dock connecting the royal dock with
the old dock was opened by the Prince of Wales July 22,
1879. A dock of 26 acres in extent for the accommoda
tion of the coal and timber trade is in course of construc
tion ; and it is proposed still to supply additional dock
accommodation by reclaiming 200 more acres from the
Humber. In 1877 the number of British vessels that
entered the port was 2837, with a tonnage of 355,218 ;
of foreign vessels 847, with a tonnage of 258,243 ; the
number of British vessels that cleared 2642, with a tonnage
of 342,727 ; of foreign vessels 743, with a tonnage of
235,486. Steamers ply regularly between Grimsby and
the more important Baltic ports. Until 1858 no fishing
trawlers had their headquarters at Grimsby, but aince that
period they have so increased that in 1877 the fishing craft
numbered 505, with a tonnage of 29,924; and Grimsby
has now become one of the largest fishing ports in the
kingdom. For the use of the fishing vessels a special dock
of 12 acres in extent was constructed; and another of 11
acres has lately been finished, as well as a graving dock
capable of holding ten smacks at a time. Ice companies
have also been established, with steamers of their own for
conveying ice from Norway fur the use of the fisheries.
Further particulars regarding the fishing trade of Grimsby
will be found under the article FISHERIES, vol. ix. pp. 249,
250. The principal other industries are shipbuilding, iron
and brass founding, brewing, and tanning. The chief
buildings, besides the large warehouses extending along the
docks, are the fine old parish church restored in 1859, the
free grammar school, the custom-house, the mechanics
institute, the hospital, the corn exchange, and the town-
hall. A statue of the Prince Consort was unveiled 22d
July 1879. The population of the municipal borough in
1861 was 11,067, and of the parliamentary borough 15,060;
in 1871 the numbers were 20,244 and 26,982. The area
of the former is 1737, and of the latter 16,330 acres.
Grimsby is supposed to have been the spot where the Danes landed on their first invasion of Britain. It is a borough by pre scription, and one of the most ancient in the kingdom. In the reign of Edward III. it was a considerable seaport, and in 1346 it furnished that monarch with 11 ships and 170 mariners for the siege of Calais. After that period its trade fell into decay through the gradual blocking up of the harbour by the accumulation of mud and sand, until the erection of new docks about the beginning of the present century. By the Act of 23d Edward I. the town obtained the privilege of returning two members to parliament, but since the Reform Act of 1832 it has returned only one.
GRINDAL, Edmund (c. 1519-1583), archbishop of Canterbury, was born at Hensingham in the parish of St Bees, Cumberland, about 1519. He was educated at Cambridge, where he became fellow of Pembroke Hall in 1538, and president in 1549. In the following year lie was appointed chaplain to Bishop Ridley, in August 1551 precentor of St Paul s, in November chaplain to Edward VI., and in July 1552 prebendary of Westminster. On the accession of Mary in 1553 he took refuge on the Con tinent, staying chiefly at Strasburg, where he acquired a competent knowledge of German, and occupied himself also in collecting the " writings and stories of the learned and pious sufferers in England," the result of his inquiries being afterwards communicated to John Foxe, and incor porated by him in his Book of Martyrs. Returning to England under the new regime in 1558, he assisted in the preparation of the new liturgy, and was also one of the eight Protestant divines chosen to hold public disputes with the popish prelates. In 1559 he was appointed to the mastership of Pembroke Hall, and in the same year he succeeded Bonner as bishop of London, in which capacity he, along with Archbishop Parker, shared in 1565 in the responsibility of suspending those of the London clergy who refused to submit to the Act of Uniformity, on which account an indignant mob of clergymen s wives appeared before his house at St Paul s, and were with difficulty per suaded by one of the suspended clergymen to go away quietly. In 1570 Grindal was appointed to the see of York, from which he was translated to Canterbury in February 1576. Having in the same year incurred the royal dis pleasure by refusing to suppress the meetings held among the clergy for " the exercise of prophesying," he was ultimately, in June 1577, by order of the Star Chamber con fined to his house and sequestered for six months. As in November he refused to make a formal submission to the queen, his suspension was continued for several years : but though a petition for his restoration, which was drawn up by convocation in 1580, was not immediately granted, it would appear that in 1 582 he had resumed, at least partially, the exercise of his ecclesiastical functions. About the end of this year the queen, on account of his blindness, re quested him to retire on a pension, but the negotiations connected with his resignation were not completed till April 1583, and it was only after his death at Croydon, July 6th of the same year, that Whitgift, who had been nominated his successor, entered upon the see. Though
