in August of next year to return, but the " Polaris " was greatly hampered by the ice. The danger became so great that on October 15th boats and stores were put on the ice, on which nineteen of the crew had disembarked. Suddenly the ship broke away, and the party on the ice drifted slowly southwards for 195 days, and were picked up off the coast of Labrador, in 53 35 N., by a whaling steamer 2000 miles from where they had parted with the " Polaris." The party in the ship reached Littleton s Island, where they passed the winter, building two boats from the boards of the vessel, in which they set sail southwards in June 1873. On the 23d of that month they were picked up by a Dundee whaler, and were brought to that town, from which they ultimately reached the United States. The scientific results of the unfortunate Hall s last expedition were of consider able importance, and have been published by the United States Government, as also has an independent account in
German by Dr Bessels, one of the scientific staff.HALL, or Halle, Edward (ob. 1547), an English lawyer who takes high rank among the earlier narrators of his country s history, was born in London about the close of the 15th century and died in 1547, the year of the death of King Henry VIII. Though his name has all the appearance of a purely English word, it is none the less of foreign origin, John Hall of Northall, in Shropshire, our author s father, tracing his lineage back to Frederick of Halle in Tyrol, natural son of Albert of Austria. From Eton Edward Hall passed to Cambridge, and according to some accounts it would appear that at a later date he was also a student at Oxford. Entering Gray s Inn he was duly called to the bar ; and we find him afterwards filling the offices of common sergeant, under-sheriff of the city of London, summer reader of Gray s Inn (1533), double reader in Lent (1540), and judge of the sheriff court. The date of the first appearance of his chronicle has been matter of question ; but it is generally agreed that there was no such edition as that of 1542 assigned by the older bibliographers to Berthelette. The real editio princeps is almost certainly that issued by Grafton in 1548, the year after Hall s death, with a continuation compiled mainly from the author s MSS. ; it is remarkable, says Mr Hazlitt (Collections and Notes), as having probably more variations in the copies than any book in the language. A reprint was published in 1809 under the supervision of Sir Henry Ellis, who, however, furnished neither introduction nor comment.
Hall s work deserves a higher title than that of chronicle ; partly, perhaps, by a happy accident, but partly also by the author s judicious management, it possesses no small unity of theme and consti uction. Beginning with the famous combat at Coventry between Henry of Hereford and Thomas Mowbray, it follows the tragic progress of the strife between York and Lancaster till it is brought to a close by the marriage of Henry VII. with Margaret of York, and then it shows England united and at rest under Henry VIII. The policy of this monarch is presented under a very favourable light, and in the religious question the author sides emphatically and intolerantly with Protestantism. For all kinds of ceremonial in utterance and action he has all a lawyer s respect, and his pages are often adorned and encumbered with the pageantry and material garniture of his story. In his style he unites the redundant reduplication and pain ful particularizatiou of his profession with that evident effort after bal ance of clauses and fanciful and forcible phraseology which not long afterwards resulted in "Euphuism." On the whole the work is not only valuable but attractive. To the historian it furnishes what is evidently the testimony of an eye-witness on several matters of interest which are neglected by other narrators ; and to the student of literature it has the exceptional charm of being one of the prime sources of Shakespeare s historical plays. Compare James Gairdner, Early Chroniclers of Europe : England, London, 1879.
HALL, James (1793–1868), an American judge and the author of a number of books chiefly relating to the Western States, was born at Philadelphia, August 19, 1793. After for some time prosecuting the study of law, he in 1812 joined the army, and in the war with Great Britain distinguished himself in engagements at Lundy s Lane, Niagara, and Fort Erie. On the conclusion of the war he accompanied an expedition against Algiers, but in 1818 he resigned his commission, and continued the study of law at Pittsburg. In 1820 he removed to Shawneetown, Illinois, where he commenced practice at the bar and also edited the Illinois Gazette. Soon after he was appointed public prosecutor of the circuit, and in 1824 legislature judge. On the abolition of the latter office four years after wards he was appointed State treasurer, but he continued at the same time his legal practice and also edited the Illinois Intelligencer. Subsequently he became editor of the Western Souvenir, an annual publication, and of the Illinois Monthly Magazine, afterwards the Western Monthly Magazine. He died near Cincinnati, July 5, 1868.
The following are his principal works: Letters from the West, originally contributed to the Portfolio, and collected and published in London in 1828 ; Legends of the West, 1832 ; The Soldier s Bride and other Talcs, 1832 ; The Harpds Head, a Legend of Kentucky, 1833 ; Sketches of the West, 2 vols., 1835 ; Tales of the Border, 1835 ; Notes on the Western States, 1838 ; History of the Indian Tribes, in conjunction with T. L. M Keeney, 3 vols., 1838-44 ; The Wilderness and the War-Path, 1845 ; Romances of Western History, 1857.
the wittiest as well as wisest writers of his century, was born at Bristow Park, parish of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicester shire, July 1, 1574. Designed from infancy for the church, he received his early education at the school of his native place, whence in his fifteenth year he passed to Emmanuel College, Cambridge. After being chosen for two years in succession to read the rhetoric lectures in the public schools, Hall became a fellow of his college in 1595, and in the following year received the degree of master of arts. Having taken holy orders, he in 1601 became rector of Halstead in Suffolk, near Bury St Edmunds. Two years later he married ; and in 1605 he accompanied Sir Edmund Bacon to the Spanish Netherlands. In 1612 Hall was presented to the curacy of Waltharn-Holy-Cross, in Essex, and about the same time received the degree of doctor of divinity. Meanwhile his talents as a preacher, and the: ability shown in his controversial writings, had brought him into notice at court. He was appointed chaplain to Prince Henry and prebendary of Wolverhampton. The latter dignity he soon resigned. In 1616 Hall accompanied the earl of Carlisle on his mission to France, but was compelled by illness to return; in 1617 he went with James I. into Scotland, and in 1618 was appointed by him one of the English deputies to the synod at Dort ; but he was again forced by sickness to return before the business, of the assembly was finished. The year before (1617) he had been appointed dean of Worcester. In the years that followed Hall preached frequently before the court and took an active part in the controversies of the day, especi ally in that between the Arminian and Calvinistic parties in the Church of England, to the latter of which he belonged. In 1624 he refused the see of Gloucester, but in 1627 became bishop of Exeter. In this position, by his toleration of lecturings and his Calvinistic mode of preach ing and administering his diocese, he incurred the suspicion of disaffection to episcopacy, and on three occasions ap peared on his knees before the king, to answer for his puri-. tanical practices. Hall felt bitterly these undeserved charges of Laud, and threatened to " cast up his rochet " rather than be subject to them. No better proof of his attachment to the Church of England is needed than his Episcopacy by Divine Right Asserted, written in 1640 at the suggestion of Laud. In 1641 Hall was translated to the see of Norwich. The same year he joined eleven other bishops in presenting to parliament a protest against all laws passed in their enforcsd absence. Upon this the bishops were accused of high treason and thrown into the Tower. Hall in his //arc?
Measure relates the trials he underwent both at this time
