Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/656

his little malicious drama of The Nut Crackers. Notwith- standing this he received in 1847 the responsible post of director of the national theatre, for which indeed he was more eminently fitted than any other living person. He filled it for seven years, working with great zeal and con- scientiousness, but was forced by intrigues from without to resign it in 1854, His health was much disturbed by these attacks, and he retired into private life. Heiberg died at Bonderup, near Ringsted, on the 25th of August 1860.

It has been said that “ the average cultivated Dane nowa- days is very much what Heiberg has made him.” His influence upon taste and critical opinion was greater than that of any writer of his time, and can only be compared with that of Holberg in the 18th century. Most of the poets of the Romantic movement in Denmark were very grave and serious; Heiberg added the element of humour, elegance, and irony to the dignity of Oehlenschliiger, the pathos of Ingemann, and the passion of Hertz. His versification was refined and exact, and his very best pieces are those in which he mingles rich lyrical expression with what is satirical or purely ludicrous. The works of Heiberg were collected, in 11 vols., in 1861-62.

HEIDE, a town of Prussia, chief town of the circle of North Ditmarsh, province of Schleswig-Holstein, is situated on a small plateau which stands between the marshes and moors bordering the North Sea, 35 miles N.N.W. of Gliickstadt. It is the seat of a provincial office, a court of justice, and a head tax office, and possesses tobacco and cigar manufactories, a tannery, and a rope work. Heide in 1447 became the capital of the Ditmarsh peasant republic, but on the 13th June 1559 it was the scene of the complete defeat of the peasant forces by the Danes and the duke of Schleswig-Holstein. The popula- tion in 1875 was 6772.

HEIDEGGER, John Henry (1633–1698), theologian, was born at Birentschweil, in the canton of Zurich, Switzer. land, on July 1, 1633. He began his studies in his native country, and completed them at Marburg and Heidelberg, Becoming doctor of philosophy at the latter university, he soon afterwards was appointed professor extraordinarius of Hebrew, and later of philosophy. From Heidelberg he was in 1659 sumrooned to Steinfurt to fill the chair of theology and ecclesiastical history, and in the same year he became doctor of theclogy of Heidelberg. In 1660 he revisited Switzerland ; and, after marrying, he travelled in the following year over Holland. The war at this time having dispersed the students from Steinfurt, Heidegger returned in 1665 to Zurich, where he was immediately elected professor of moral philosophy. Two years later he succeeded Hottinger in the chair of theology, which he occupied till his death, January 15, 1698 Heidegger was the principal author of the Formula Consensus Hel- vetica in 1675, which was designed to unite the Swiss Reformed churches, but had an opposite effect.

His writings are largely controversial, and are in great part levelled against the Roman Catholic Church. The chief are De Historia sacra Patriarcharum Exercitationes selecte, 1667-1671; Dissertatio de FPercgrinationibus Religiosis, 1670; De Ratione Studiorum, opuscula aurea, &e., 1670 ; Historia Papatus, 1684; Tumulus Concilit Tridentint, 1690; Exercitationes Biblice, 1700, with a life of the author prefixed; Corpus Theologia Christiane, 1700; and lives of Hottinger, 1667, and Fabricius, 1698. His autobiography appeared in 1698, under the title Historia Vite J. HI. Heideggert.

 

Plan of Heidelberg.

 

HEIDELBERG, a German university city in the Baden circle and jurisdiction of the same name, lies in 49° 24’ N. lat. and 8° 41’ 32” E. long., at the foot of the Castlehill, a spur of the Konigsstuhl on the south bank of the Neckar, about 12 miles from the junction of that river with the Rhine. The situation of the town is one of romantic beauty. Placed at the opening of the winding Neckar valley, it has behind it and before it lofty hills covered with vineyards and forests. Between these the Neckar rushes swiftly along. To the left the country opens out into the broad Rhine plain, cultivated like a garden, and bounded by distant and hardly perceptible mountains. The town primarily consists of one long narrow street, the Haupt- strasse, which begins near the station of the Main-Neckar railway on the west, and runs parallel to the river with continuations for a distance of about 2 miles to the Karlsthor (where there is a smaller station) on the east. To the south of this the Anlage, a pleasant promenade flanked with fine houses and gardens, leads directly from the chief station to the centre of the town. A number of amaller streets run up from the river, intersecting the Hauptstrasse at right angles. On the other side of the Neckar the Heiligenberg, a vine-clad hill wooded towards the summit, crowned with the ruins of an old chapel, rises abruptly from the river bank, About half-way up the hill the Philosophenweg, a famous road, runs from the Hirsch- gasse opposite the Karlsthor to the suburb of Neuenheim, opposite the railway station. At this point the Neckar valley ceases, and the river flows slowly onward in the almost level Rhine plain. Of late years the town has grown very much towards the west end on both sides of the river. The additions have been almost entirely of the better class of houses.

Of the churches the chief are the Peterskirche (founded before 1392), where Jerome of Prague in 1460 expounded the Reformed doctrines; the Heiliggeistkirche,