Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/728

694 H E K A L D K Y [PARTITION LINES. lozenges conjoined in cross, which at a later date became a cross engrailed, and fusils in the same way became converted into dancette. In English heraldry the partition lines are per pale, per fess, per chevron, per bend dexter and sinister, quarterly, per sal tire, and gyronny. The annexed shield (fig. 12) represents these partition lines. It may be blazoned quarterly of nine coats: 1. Butler: or, a chief indented azure ; 2. r leetwood : party per pale nebuly, azure and or, six martlets counter- changed; 3. Vavasour: or, a fess dancette sable; 4. or, a chevron invected azure ; 5. Boyle : party per bend em battled, argent and gules ; 6. Trevor: party per bend sinister, ermine and ermines, a lion rampant or ; 7. Lawrence : argent, a cross raguly gules; 8. Bottetourt : or, a saltire en grailed sable ; 9. party per fess dovetailed, or and sable. A good example of a cross raguly, not an armorial bearing, is found upon a 12th century tomb in the church of Llanfihangel-yn-Gvvynfa in Powysland. Fig 12 . The French use parti and coup4 for per pale and per fess ; they do not part per chevron, but per bend and per bend sinister are tranche and tailld ; quarterly is ecartele", and per saltire e cartele en sautoir ; gyrouny is giroue". Besides these the French have a number ot other divisions, as " tierce," when the shield is divided into three parts, as " tierce en pal, tierce en fasce, &c. Tierce en pal is con venient when the coats of two wives are to be marshalled on the husband s shield. Formerly such broken lines as were used were not mere margins, but affected the whole ordinary ; a fess indented was a zigzag and called a daunce or dancette. This practice is still preserved with the line undy. A bend uudy or wavy is not a mere bend with a wavy edge, but the whole bend is in waves, whereas a bend nebuly or raguly has merely a particular kind of edge. Returning to the ordinaries, it may be remarked that very many both of these and of the subordinates in heraldry are very frequent constituents in mouldings in the Norman style of architecture. The chevron and the billet are amongst the most common. The roundel forms the hood moulding of a door at Peterborough, and is in serted in a moulding in the intersecting arches of St Augustin s, Canterbury. The fret, the billet, and the roundel or pellet are largely used in the oldest parts of Malmesbury, and on Lincoln tower is a good example of undy, and this before the regular employment of heraldic bearings. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 18. 1. The Chief, chef, caput, is the upper part or head of the shield, covering one-third of it, and parted oif by a horizontal line. It is found in the earliest examples of arms. In the roll of Henry III. it occurs fourteen times, in that of Edward II. twenty-one times. T> s Vivonne: ermine, a chief gules (fig. 1"). Butler (sec fig. 12). Aston: argent, a chief undy (fig. 14). St John of Melchbourne : argent, on a chief gules, two mullet s pierced or (fig. 15). Cromwvll of Tattershall: party per chief, gules and argent, a bend azure; which might also be blazoned as gules, a chief argent, and a bend azure (fig. 1C). Heraldic writers give t& fillet as a diminutive of the chief. It was a narrow strip laid upon the chief, a little above its lower margin, Guillim mentions, but gives no examples of it. 2. The Pale, pal, palus,.is a vertical strip set upright in the middle line of the shield, and one-third of its breadth. One of its earliest examples, if indeed it be not a mere gilt ornament, is ascribed to Graintmaisuel, baron of Hinkley, who is reported to have borne gules, a pale or ; but the banner of the barons of Hinkley carried by Simon de Montfort was per pale indented, gules and or. The " sable pale of Mar " is the well-known bearing of Erskine, argent, a pale sable (fig. 17), but when it was introduced into Scotland is not clear. In the roll of Henry III. there occurs no pale, but there are three exam pies of paly. Party per pale is also there found. In the roll of Edward II. there is also no pale, but paly or party per pale occurs thirteen times. The latter is called simply " party": Pluys, " party d or et goules. " Fig. 17; Fig 18. Fig. 19. Fig. 20. The diminutives of the pale are the pallet, one- fourth, and the endorse, one-eighth, of the breadth of the pale, both unknown anciently. The pallet may be used singly, the endorse only in pairs, one on each side of the pale. Waldgrave : per pale or and gules. Marshall, Earl Marshal and of Pembroke: party per pale or and vert, a lion rampant gules. Fleetwood (sec fig. 12). When the pale is repeated, it is blazoned as "paly," and the number of pieces specified. Kingdom of Aragon: paly of ten argent and gules (fig. 18). Gurncy: or, two pullets azure. Wykes of Dursley: argent, on a pale endorsed sable three greyhounds heads erased or, collared gules (fig. 19). Daniel of Cheshire: argent, a pale fusilly sable. Lightford : azure, a pale rayone e or (fig. 20). Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. 3. The Fess, fesse, fascia, is a strip placed horizontally across the middle of the field. It occurs about twenty-five times in the roll of Henry III., and its diminutives about twenty-three times, or forty- eight times in all, against ninety in the roll of Edward II. Hiipsburg : gules, a fess argent (fig. 21). . Charlotte, queen of George III., on her shield of Mecklenburg-Strelitz placed a scutcheon of pretence party per fess, gules and or, for Stargard. Vavasour (see fig. 12). Henry de Percy, ancient blazon : azure, a fess engrailed or (fig. 22). This is a way of describing what is better known as azure, five fusils conjoined in fess or. The seal of Walter son of Alan, steward of Scotland, 1190, gives a fess checquy. probably the earliest trace of the Stewart coat. Weld of Lulworth : azure, a fess nebuly between three crescents ermine (fig. 23). T)e le Plaunch : argent, a fess embattled gules. Paramour: azure, a fess embattled counter-embattled, between three cstoiles or. The Temple banner "lieauseant" was party per fess sable and argent. Nicholas de Ciiol : per fess or and gules. Swinburne (modern) , party per fess gules and argent, three ciuquefoils counter- changed. Peurston : argent, a fess, quarterly, sable and or (fig. 24). The diminutives of the fess are the lar, covering one-fifth of the field ; the barruTet, one-half, and the closet, one-quarter of the bar. The closet is used in pairs only, usually called gcmcllcs, and these are sometimes quadrupled, two pairs on each side, and sometimes are used without the bend between them. The bar is rarely used singly, the number must be specified it above four, when the coat is "barry" of the given number. The term fessy is not used. Harcourt of Ankerwyke : gules, two bars or. Bnsset of Tehidy : or, three bars wavy gules. Klount : barry nebuly of eight pieces, or and sable. Fitz Alan of Bedale: barry of six, argent and azure. Dabridgecourt: ermine, three bars humetty gules, fesswise in pale. Badlesmere: argent, a fess gcmclled gules (fig. 25;. Thin is from the roll of Cacrlavrock, but the more used blazon is argent, a fess and two bars gemelles gules, which might be given a fess closeted. Fairfax of Denton: argent, three bars gemcllfS gules, surmounted by a lion rampant sable, crowned or. Iluntercombe : ermine, two pair of gemelles gults. Edmondson and some other writers describe the gemelles as cotises. 4. The Cherron, cheveron, canterius, from whatever source derived, seems to have been named from its resemblance to the main rafters or principals of a roof, a familiar sight in early buildings. It is common to find orders on the roynl foresters for so many pairs of chevrons. Mr Flanche points out that in the earliest English examples of this ordinary, in the seal of Gilbert, earl of Pembroke, in the reign of Stephen, the upper edge of the shield is pointed like-

a ridged roof, and the chevrons are parallel to it, and divide the