Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/729

ORDINARIES.] HERALDRY 695 shield into thirteen spaces. He regards as a part of the structure of the shield these chevrons, afterwards reduced to three and used as a regular heraldic bearing by the house of Clare. The chevron occurs six times in the roll of Henry III., and the chevronel, its diminutive,nine times. The two occur ninety -two times in the roll of Edward II. In breadth it is one-fifth of the shield. Its diminutives are the chevronel or etage, of half, and the couple-dose, of a quarter its breadth. The latter is borne in pairs above and below the chevron. When the chevron is repeated up to three they may be chevrons or chevronels. If exceeding that number the bearing is chevronny, unless the num ber be specified. The chevron is still used to denote the rank ot the non-commissioned officers of the British army, but of late years has been borne by them inverted. Fig. 24. Fif? 25. Fig. 20. Fig. 27. Stafford : or, a chevron gules (fig. 2(5). Marler : argent, a chevron purpure, in dexter canton an escallop sable. Fettiplace : gules, two chevrons avgent. Clare: or, three chevrons gules (fig. 6). Wyvill of Constable-Burton, derived from Fitz Hugh : gules, three chevronels brazed vair, and a chief or (fig. 27). [Brazed is interlaced.] Kniveton : gules, a chevron party per chevron nebuly, argent and sable (fig. 28). Fitz Walter: or, a fcss between two chevrons gules (fig. 29). Ilungerford : per pale indented gules and vert, a chevron or (fig. 30). Hotot: azure, a chevron couple-closed or, between three crescents argent (fig. 31). Newport on Usk commemorates the St affords, its ancient lords, by bearing a chevron reversed (fig. 32). Fig. 23 Fig. 31. 5. The Bend, bande, balteum, is a strip extended upon the shield from the dexter chief to sinister base, and in breadth one-fifth of the field. The diminutives are the bendlet, half the bend, and the cotise, or cost, a fourth part, borne in pairs, flanking the bend ; and the ribbon, one-eighth of the bend. The ribbon is used as a difference, and is sometimes couped or cut short, when it becomes a baton, and is the French barre. The baton often marks illegitimacy. The term baton, however, is also applied to the ribbon. Fig 32 Fig. 33. Gcrope of Danby : azure, a bend or ; a very celebrated example of the bend (fig. 33). Culpepper : argent, a bend engrailed gules. Wallop of Farleigh-Wallop: argent, a bend wavy sable (fig. 34). Fortescue of Castle-Hill : azure, a bend engrailed argent, cotised or. Clopton: sable, a bend between two cotises dancette or (fig. 35). Boyle: party per bend embattled, 1 argent and gules (see fig. 12). Byron of Rochdale : argent, three bendlets enhanced gules (fig. 36). Montford: bendy of ten, or and azure. Chaucer: per pale argent and gules, a bend counterchanged (fig. 37). FiUi Herbert of Norbury : argent, a chief vair, or and gules, over all a bend sable. Widdriugton : quarterly, argent and gules, a ribbon sable (fig. 38). Sir Hugh Baden: argent, on a bend double cotised sable three eagles displayed palewise or. Keck of Stoughton : sable, a bend ermine between two cotises, flory counter- flory, or. Fig. 38. The Bend Sinister is a variety of the bend drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base. Its diminutives are the scrape or scarp, half the breadth, and the ribbon or baton sinister. A bend sinister 1 This is called also crenellated, and in French bretasse", from the bretasche or wo den gallery attached to the battlements of castle walls. When embattled on both faces the piece is said to be "embattled counter-embattled." The notch In a parapet is an embraznre, the intermediate piece of masonry a merlon. When a second and a smaller merlon is placed on the first, the battlement is 6.i;d to be stopped. is a rare bearing, and, with its diminutives, is frequently used to express illegitimacy, especially the baton, though sometimes as a difference only. Richard de Bury, bishop of Durham : party per bend sinister, or and azure, a bend counterchanged (fig. 39). Trevor (sec fig. 12). The dukes of Orleans: azure, three fleurs-de-lys or, a baton argent (fig. 40). 6. The Cross, croix, crux, needs no description save that in heraldry it is usually the Greek cross, or that of equal arms. The breadth is one-third of the shield. It is an early and very common bearing, and whatever its origin it speedily became identified with the emblem of Christianity, and was popular throughout Christendom t: Crux mihi certa salus, crux est quam semper adoro., Crux domini mecum, crux mihi refugium. Per crucis hoc signum fugiat procul onme malignum." When plain it is blazoned only as " a cross." Thus the cross of St George is "argent, a cross gules," and the statutes of the Temple direct each knight to wear a red cross upon his " cotte d armes," on breast and back. Asa plain cross it occurs six times in the roll of Henry III., and in its varieties eleven times, and in the roll of Edward II. these numbers have risen from 17 to 102, when it was the most popular of the ordinaries. De Burgh of Ireland : or, a cross gules (fig. 41). Duckenfield of Duckenfield : argent, a cross pointed wavy sable, voided. Ufford: sable, a cross engrailed or (fig. 42). Fig. 39. Fig 40. Fig. 41. Fig. 42. A seal of John de Ufford, probably about 1360, bears on a heater shield what would now be described as eight fusils conjoined in cross, and which is an early form of the Ufford coat. There is also a mullet in dexter canton, possibly to mark a younger branch. Colley : argent, a cross wavy, voided, sable (fig. 43). Skiilaw, bishop of Durham: argent, six willow wands interlaced in cross sable, in allusion to his father, who was a basket-maker (fig. 44). Lawrence (see fig. 12). Party per cross or quarterly is an early and popular bearing. Say: quarterly, or and gules (fig. 45). Lacy: quarterly, or and gules, a bend sable. Fitz Warin : quarterly, per fess indented, argent and gules. Atkins of Saperton: argent, a cross sable, bordered with half fleurs-de-lys, be tween four mullets, sable. Loraine of Kirkharle: quarterly, sable and argent, a cross counter-quartered of the field. Fig 43. Fig. 44. Fig. 45. Fig. 46. When the central square of the cross is removed, it is said to be quarter-pierced, a cross quarter-pierced. The varieties of the cross are almost innumerable. Edmondson gives 107 of them, and there are many more. Of these it will be sufficient to notice those comparatively few that are older and in general use ; as the cross botonny, the cross crosslet, the cross flory, moline, patee, patonce, potent, recercelee, and voided. None of these varieties extended to the margin of the field. When a plaiu cross does not so extend it is blazoned as couped or humetty. The cross botonny, treflee, or modulata has each limb capped by a trefoil, or sort of button. Northcote of Pyncs: argent, three crosses botonny sable, palewise in bend (fig. 46). The cross crosslet has its extremities crossed. It is usually borne as a charge in numbers, but not always. Wasterley: argent, a cross crosslet sable. Beauchamp, earl of Warwick: gules, a fcss between six cross crosslets or (fig. 8), When the lower limb is uncrossed and pointed it is "fitchy." Belgrave: argent, a cross pate"e fitchy sable (fig. 47). Fig. 47. Fig. 48. Fig. 49. The cross patee was the emblem of the Knights of St John, an<l is known as the "Croix de Malthe." The cross patonce has ex- panded ends like the cross patee, but each terminates in three

points. Patee and patonce were not always distinguished. At