Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/735

BIRDS.] per annum could lawfully keep a "game " of swaus. The keeper who looked after them was the " gamester." Pitfield of Dorset : azure, a bend engrailed between two cygnets royal. Guest : azure, a chevron or between three swans heads erased proper. The Peacock, paon, is more common as a crest than in the shield. He is usually represented with his tail spread, and is then blazoned as a " peacock in his pride," as seen in the crest of Manners. Pawne : argent, three peacocks in their pride proper. Yeo of Devon bore argent, a chevron sable between three Turkey Cocks, tails expanded, proper. The Pelican is also more common as a crest than in arms. When in profile she is usually vulning herself, and when full-faced on her nest feeding her young she is " a pelican in her piety." Came of Nash : gules, a pelican in her piety or (fig. 109). Pelluim : azure, three pelicans valuing themselves proper. The Ostrich is also better known as a crest as borne by Digby, or as a supporter by the earls of Buchan. The plume of ostrich feathers, the well-known cognizance of the Black Prince, gave rise a) the arms of his natural son, Sir Roger Clarendon, who bore or, on a bend sable three ostriches feathers argent, passing through as many scrolls of the field. Jervis of Devon : argent, six ostriches feathers, 3,2,1, sable. The Stork. Starkie of Huntroyde : argent, a bend between six storks sable. The Heron is one of the few birds found in early coats of arms. Heron of Chipchasa and Ford occurs in the roll of Henry III. One of the family was the husband of her of whom " Fame Whispered light tales " . . at the court of James IV, They bore gules, three herons argent. The Cormorant, or liver, appears with a double pun in the arms of Liverpool : argent, a liver sable, billed and legged gules, holding in his bill a bunch of laver vert. The Sheldrake, also a water-fowl, was introduced into heraldry to suit Sheldon, mayor of London in 1676, who bore sable, a fess between three sheldrakes argent. The Raven, corbeau, has been the bearing of Corbet from the beginning of armorial bearings. Corbet of Morcton Corbet : or, a raven sable "A raven sat on Corbet s armed crest." Ravenhill: argent, three mounts vert, on each a raven sable. The Rook is occasionally borne, and sometimes conjointly with the piece known as the rook in chess. Rook of Kent: argent, on a chevron engrailed between three rooks sable, as many chess rooks of the iirst. The Oicl, the bird of Minerva, but seldom condescends to figure in a coat of arms. The learned Sir Henry Savile however bore- Argent, on a bend sable three owls of the field. Sir Francis Theobald of Barking, Castello s " harnin linguarum callentissimus," bore sable, a fess embattled between three owls argent. The Cock, more usual as a crest, is sometimes borne in arms. When his beak, comb, wattles or gills, and spurs are given, he is beaked, crested, wattled or jewlapped, and armed. Cockaigne: azure three cocks argent, armed, crested, and jewlapped proper. The Popinjay, papagiiy, or pye, is one of the earliest heraldic birds. Curzon : argent, on a bend sable three popinjays or, collared pules. Thwcngo or i itz Marmaduke : argent, a fess gules between three popinjays vert, beaked, legged, and collared of the second. The Chough is in repute in Cornish heraldry ; he is black, with red logs and beak. Pcniston: argent, three Cornish choughs sable, beaked and legged gules. Onslow : argent, a fess between six Cornish choughs proper. The Shoveller, said to be a Cornish bird, is borne by the family of Ilerle, who came to Cornwall from West Herle in Northumberland, and probably therefore assumed their arms, argent, a fess gules be tween three shovellers proper, after their migration. The heiress married Hastings. Tyrwhit: gules, three tyrwhits or. The Swallow, or hiromlelle, forms the very early coat of the Arun- dells, of whom William le Brito (1170) says "Hirundelas velocior alite, qua: dat Hoc agnomen ei." " More swift than bird bight Amndtl, That gives him name and in his shield of arms is blazoned well, lie rides amid the armed troops, and with his spear in rest (The staff was strong, the point right sharp) runs full upon the brest Of Sir Guillaume." Sir Thomas Arundell was by Rudolph II. (1595) created a count of the empire for military service against the Turks. The Arundells of Wardour bear sable, six swallows argent, 3,2,1. FISHES. The inhabitants of the water do not play a very im portant part in heraldry, and are scarcely known among the more ancient coats, although a special and interesting volume has been written by Mr Moule on the heraldry of fishes. When borne horizontally they are <: naiant;" when vertically, " hauriant," 701 though this is not always expressed; when bent they are "em- bowed " as the dolphin in the crest of Courtenay. The Pike, or luce, is the oldest example of a fish in heraldry. Lucy of Charlecote, Shakspeare s "Justice Shallow": gules, sen-.e e of cross crosslets, three luces hauriant argent (lig. 110). The Dolphin, whatever his zoological position may be, is heraldi- cally a fish, as is also the Whale. As the emblem of Daupliine the dolphin was adopted with the name by the heirs-apparent of the old French monarchy, who quartered with the fleur-de-lys azure a dolphin hauriant or. Fishacre of Fishacre: gules, a dolphin naiant argent. Kendal of Pelyn : argent, a chevron between three dolphins nuiant embowed sable. Dean Swift says that his cousin Thomas Swift gave for his de vice a swift or dolphin twisted about an anchor with the motto " Festina lente." This, however, was the device of the printer Aldus. Whalley of Whalley: argent, three whales heads erased naiant sable. The Barbel was also an early bearing, used by the counts of Bar, who bore azure, crusuly fitchy, two barbels erect embowed or, within a border engrailed gules, a bearing found in the quarterings of many German princes. The Herring occurs in the roll of Edward II. Ileringaud : gules, three herrings hauriant argent. The manor of Earlton, Norfolk, was held by the service of present ing annually at the exchequer certain herring pies. Roach. Peter de Rupibus or Des Roches, bishop of "Winchester, bore three roaches. Conger. Chief-Justice Gascoyne bore argent, on a pale sable a conger s head erased or. Trout. Troutbeck: azure, three trouts fretted in triangle argent. The Chabot, a sort of gurnet, was used as a badge by the family of Rohan-Chabot. The Scallop, or escallop shell, is an old and popular charge, especially in Spain, as the emblem of St James of Compostella, which led to its being the sign of a pilgrim. The seal of the fraternity of St James at Wisby (about 1200) represents St James as a pilgrim with a scallop upon his scrip. Sir Walter Raleigh says " Give me my scallop shell of quiet, My staff of faith to walk upon." Scales: gules, six escallops argent, 3,2,1 (fig. 111). Shelley : sable, a fcss engrailed between three whelks or. Fig. 111. Fig. 11-2. Fig. 113. Fig. 114. REPTILES, INSECTS, AND MONSTERS. Reptiles and Insects are charges rarely seen in early coats. The Serpent is the bearing of the Visconti, dukes of Milan : ar gent, a serpent gliding in pale azure, crowned or, voraut an infant issuant gules. The Snake or bisse, anguis. Sir Wm. de Malbisse: three testes de bysses. The usual bearing of the name of Vaughan in S. Wales is azure, three boys heads couped at the bust argent, wi cathed about the neck v* ith a snake proper. Bottreaux: argent, three toads (botraces) eiect sable. The Fly, musca. Muschamp of Wooler bore argent, a chevron vert between three flies. This bearing is seen on a boss of the cloister at Canterbury, but the muscae are represented as butterflies, which loses sight of the allusion. The Bee. Both Sir Robert Peel and Sir Richard Arkwright appropriately placed a bee in their arms. Chimeras. A chimera is a modification of some existing animal, though often much more than " parce detorta " from its type. Of them the most celebrated is the winged lion of St Mark, the proud emblem of ancient Venice. Technically the bearing is "azure, a winged lion sejant 1 gardant, with a glory, or ; in his fore paws an open book, thereon Pax tibi, Marce, Evangelista meus, over the dexter page a sword erect, all proper." The Dragon, though not very much used in heraldry, is a chimera of ancient date and much employed in early romance. He is thus described " There was a dragon great and grymme, Full of fire and also of venym ; And as a lion then was his fete, His tayle was long and full unmete ; Between his head a"d his tayle Was twenty-two foote withouten fail; His body was like a wine ton, He shone full bright against the sun; His eyes were bright as any glass,

His scales were hard as any brass."