Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/736

702 HERALDRY [COMMON CHARGES. The- dragon was a favourite standard with the Welsh princes, and used also by the Anglo-Norman sovereigns. He is drawn with four legs and wings, a long barbed tail usually knotted, and a body pro tected by scales. In English heraldry he is used chiefly as a crest. In Wales, Rhys Ap Tudor Mawr is said to have borne " argent, a dragon segreant sable." The Gryphon is popular both in romance and heraldry. He is an emblem of vigilance, and inhabited a mountain in Bactria and guarded much gold there. It was in defence of this that he "Through the wilderness Pursued the Arimaspian." He is drawn with the body and tail of a lion, the head of a coclc, a pair of wings, and very long sharp claws. When on his hind legs he is segreant. Morgan of Tredegar: or, a gryphon segreant sable (fig. 112). Evelyn of Wotton ; azure, a gryphon passant and a chief or. Cutton of Landwade: sable, a chevron between three gryphons heads erased argent. The gryphon was an early cognizance of Redvers, earl of Devon, and was used statant by some branches of the Montacutes in the time of Henry III. The Wyvern is a two-legged dragon with the body passing ftff into a long tail barbed at the end and usually borne nowed or knotted. Drake: argent, a wyvern statant, tail depressed and nowed, gules (fig. 113). Cockatrice. Langley ; argent, a cockatrice sable, combed gules. The Unicorn or licorne abounds in Scottish heraldry, and was made the sinister supporter of the arms of Great Britain by James I. "Ceste merveillose beste, Qui une come a en ta teste Senefie nostre seigneur, Ihesu Crist nostre sauveur. C est 1 unicorne spirit ucl, Qui entre la vierge prist ostel." Halting : argent, a unicorn sejant sable, armed and ungued or. The Mermaid. Ellis: argent, a mermaid gules, crined or, in her right hand a comb, in her left a mirror, argent. The Martlet, or merlotte, a small bird without legs, and always represented close. It is one of the oldest and commonest of charges, but seldom if ever borne singly (see Fleetwood, fig. 12). Furnival of Farnham Royal: argent, abend between six martlets gules. Roger do Merley, roll of Henry III. : barry of ten, argent and gules, on a border azure eight martlets or. FLOWERS AND FRUITS OF THE EARTH. Of these the palm was an emblem of victory ; the laurel, of triumph ; the oak, of strength ; the olive, of peace ; the cypress, of woe ; the vine, of fecundity and joy ; the lily, of purity ; the daisy, of humility ; while the holy "Trefoil, St John s wort, and dill Hinder witches of their will." Flcur-de-lys. At the head of heraldic flowers, if flower indeed it be, is tiefieur-dc-lys (fig. 60), the Flos gladioli of Upton, said to have been brought down by an angel for the arms of France, and which was certainly used by Louis VII. and borne singly and in numbers by Philip Augustas. It may be allied to the lily " The lily, lady of the flowery field, Or fleur-de-luce, her lovely paramour ;" or its original designation may have been " Fleur de Louis." It was not at first popular either in Normandy or in England, oc curring but twice in the roll of Henry III., and only twenty times in that of Edward II., nor was it until its assumption by Edward III. that it came into general use in England. The Cautilupes bore three fleurs-de-lys before they added the pards heads (fig. 98). Digby of Coleshill : azure, a fleur-de-lys argent. Portjnan of Orchard -Portman : or, a fleur-de-lys azure. Beaumont, to show his claim to descend from the blood-royal of France, bears azure, semee of fleurs-de-lys, a lion rampant or. Hawkins: argent, on a saltirc sable a fleur-de-lys or. New College, Oxford : sable, three lilies slipped argent. The Rose (Flos florum] is a very popular charge in English heraldry, though in the roll of Henry III. it occurs but once, and in that of Edward II. only twelve times. Usually the flower is borne alone and full-faced, with five petals, and barbs and seeds between them. If a stalk is shown, it is usually " slipped," that is, cut off obliquely, fioscawen of Boscawen-Rosc: ermine, a rose gules, barbed and seeded proper (fig 1U). Bilson. bishop of Winchester: azure, a rose and pomegranate impaled dimidiated, pixies and or, barbed, seeded, stalked, and slipped counterchanged. The rose is also used in the chaplet, a favourite head ornament, of which a good example may be seen upon the conical helmet of Humphrey de Bohun (1267), in Gloucester cathedral. After the gallant defence of Calais in 1348, in which Edward and the Black Prince served under Sir Walter Manny, the king was so pleased with the valour shown by his prisoner Eustace de Ribeaumont that he took a chaplet from his own head and gave it to Sir Eustace with his liberty, bidding him "wear it for a year for the love of me." Ureystoke : barry of six, argent and azure, three chaplets gules- The Trefoil, Quatrefoil, Cinqucfoil, and Sixfoil are all common charges, usually but not always borne, like the rose, without a stalk. Harvey of Ickworlh : gules, on a bend argent three trefoils slipped vert. Vincent of Stoke D Abernon: azure, three quatrefoils argent (fig. 115). Robert de Bellomont, earl of Leicester (1191-1220), sealed with a cinquefuil, bear ing on each foil an ermine spot ; and Robert de Quinoy, the son of one of Earl Robert s sisters, bore "de goules ung quintefoil de hcrmyn." Umfravile of Penmark: gules, a sixfoil or. Fig. 115. Fig. 116. Fig. 117. The Thistle, which gives name to the Scottish order, is also an heraldic bearing in that country. Leaves, feuilles, are borne by Leveson and Foulis ; hazel leaves by Hazlerigge of Noseley ; strawberry leaves, or fraises, by Eraser of Lovat ; walnut leaves by Waller ; oak leaves by Oakes ; by Elmes of LifTord, elm leaves ; rye and barley or orge by Rye and Grandorge. Bigland bears three ears of big. Wood and Borough bear trees rooted up or eradicated. Borough of Chetwynd : gules, the stem and trunk of a tree eradicated and couped, sprouting in two branches argent. When Queen Elizabeth visited Worcester the citizens transplanted a pear tree laden with fruit into the market-place, for which atten tion she added pears to the city arms. Warden abbey, Beds, was famous for a pear that bore its name and constituted its arms- azure, three Warden pears or. The kingdom of Granada bore argent, a pomegranate slipped proper. Serjeaux bore argent, a saltire sable between twelve cherries slipped gules. The Garb, gerbe, or wheatsheaf, was a common bearing, especially in Cheshire. Sometimes the garb is banded of a different colour. Grosvenor : azure, a garb or. Vernon of Shipbrook : or, on a fess three garbs of the field. CELESTIAL FIGURES. The Sun was the cognizance of Louis XIV. , with the overbearing motto, " Nee pluribus impar. " In heraldry this was blazoned as " the sun in his splendour." Jean de la Hay bore argent, the sun in his splendour gules. Ralph dc la Hay, temp. Henry III., differenced this coat by bearing only a ray of the sun, " blanc, ung rey de soleil de goules." Sir John Aldam, temp. Edward li. : azure, a ray of the sun or. In both examples the ray issues from the dexter chief, and is borne bendwisc. It resembles a pile wavy. John de Fontibus, bishop of Ely, 1220-25, bore the sun, moon, and seven stars, 2,1,2,1,2,1. The Moon is always borne as a crescent, and usually with the con cavity upwards. If this be to the dexter it is increscent, if to the sinister, decrescent. It is an early and general charge, though seldom borne singly. Chapman : per chevron argent and gules, a ciescent counterchanged. Weld : azure, a fcss nebule" between three crescents ermine. Baron of co. Lincoln : azure, in chief two moons increscent and decrescent argent, in buse an estoile or. The seal of Sir Lawrence de Berkerolles, 1392, gives a chevron between three crescents (fig. 118). The Star, or estoile, is usually shown with six rays, wavy, and is thus, and by not being pierced, distinguished from the mullet. If there be more rays the number must be given. Ingilby of Ripley : sable, an es . lie argent. One of the branches of De la Hay bore ar gent, an estoile of sixteen rays gules. Sir Francis Drake, in memory of his voyages, bore sable, a fess wavy be tween the arctic and antarctic pole stars argent. MAN AND HIS PARTS. The full human figure is very rarely borne in coats of arms. In Scotland the Dalzells bear sable, a naked man with arms extended, proper ; formerly he was borne suspended from a gibbet. Wood- azure three salvage men ambulant in fess, proper; in their dexter hands a shield argent charged with a cross gules, in their sinister a club resting on their shoulders, also proper. Mr Way mentions an MS. at Melton, in which two knights are represented tilting before a French princess, one of whom bears for a coat three demoiselles caged in a basket. Canning of Foxcote : argent, three blackamoors heads couped sable, capped or

fretty gules.