Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/743

M PENDAGES.] HERALDRY 709 "1, Petitur informatio linese De la Pole, et primo qiifenam fuerit mater G 1 . de la Pole ; 2<Jo. Quinam fuerint ejusdem pater et muter ; 3 tio - Qusenam fuerit uxor Thonire Chaucer sen mater Aliacie, &c. . . . Placebit arma gentilitia familiarum Pole, Chauceri, et aliarum, quce appoimntur in superioribus loculamentis, indieare, aut pietura cum debitis coloribus, aut scriptura, per armorum tiguras et colores." This sort of escutcheon at once placed before the eye the heraldic history of the family for four generations. Bishops, deans, kings-at-arms, and the heads of certain corporations weir their paternal arms impaled by those of their office. No provision is made for the wife. Single women or widows bear their arms upon a lozenge. Widows and peeresses use their husband s supporters. Peeresses in their own right use their own. But no lady uses crest or motto. A commoner who marries a peeress in her own right uses two shields. On the dexter are his own arms with those of his wife on a scutcheon of pretence ensigned with her coronet ; on the sinister the lady s arms alone on a lozenge with supporters and coronet. If the lady be only a dowager peeress, and not an heiress, there are also two shields. Oa one the husband impales her arms in the ordiiury way; on the other are the lady s arms, &c., as a widow, impaled by those of her first husband, with his sup porters and coronet, but no crest, and the arms in a lozenge. A baronet of England or Ireland bears a sinister hand couped gules on an inescutcheon or a canton. It is blazoned "argent, a sinister haul, couped at the wrist and ap- piumje, gules." Those of Nova Scotia bear argent on a shield of pretence, Scotland en- signel with a crown. F g- 133 - Bacon of Redgrave, the premier baronet, bears gules, on a chief argent two mullets pierced sable (fig. 133). A knight of an order surrounds his shield, usually a cartouche, with the ribbon and motto of the order. If mirried he takes a second and sinister shield, and thereon impales his wife s arms, the whole within a plain ribbon. A widower marrying a second wife divides his shield tierce per pale, and places his own arms in the centre, his first wife s on the dexter, his second s on the sinister side. For a greater number there is no strict rule. A certain Sir Gervase Clifton who survived seven wives, placed himself in the centre of the shield, and his wives around him. The widow of two husbands may divide her lozenge tierce per pale, anl place her first husband on the dexter side, her second in the centre, and herself in the sinister place ; or she may divide the dexter half on her lozenge per fess, and place the arms of the first husband above, and those of the second below. APPENDAGES. These include whatever is borne outside the shield, as the crest, badge, motto, supporters, helmet, coronet, and some other additions. Strictly speaking, armorial bearings are confined to the contents of the shield; and heralds have never regarded the appendages as of the same importance. The Crest was the ornament of the headpiece, and afforded protection against a blow. In early rolls of arms it is not noticed. In early seals when it appears it is rarely heraldic. Richard I. wears a sort of fan-shaped ornament, but has a lion passant gardant on the front of his helmet. Edmund Crouchback in 1296 uses distinctly a crest. Of fourteen seals of horsemen in complete armour appended to the barons letter to the pope in 1301, three only have regular crests, although many have plumes. The three are Thomas earl of Lancaster and Ralph earl of Gloucester, men of high rank, and Sir John St John, a great military commander. In the 14th century they became general. In 1355 the count of Hainault presented to Edward III. "unamgaleam pretiosam cum apparatu quam idem comes sulebat in capite suo gestare." This was the crest of the eagle seen on the count s seal, and which the king regranted at the fords of Annan to Montagu, earl of Salisbury. Edward himself used the lion, which has continued to be the crest of the English sovereigns. Adam de Blencowe (1356-7) had a grant of arms and crest of the Greystoke bearings from William, lord of Greystoke. Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick (died 1439), rests his feet upon the crests of the bear and griffin for Warwick and Montagu. His paternal crest, the swan s head out of a ducal coronet, is placed upon his helmet, beneath his head. The dragon and wyvern were common crests, and the plume of feathers is still used by Scrope and Courtenay. Ralph, LordNevilleof Raby, used thebull s head in 1353; Hastings, a bull s head in 1347. Crests were, like arms, allusive. Grey of Wilton used a "gray" or badger; Lord Welles, a bucket and chain ; Botreaux, a buttress. The crest was sometimes placed on a ducal coronet, sometimes rises out of a wreath or torse of the colours of the arms. The coronet below the crest is not a mark of rank. In Carlisle cathedral is the crest of Davidson, a bird rising out of an earl s coronet. This, however, is rare ; the coronet so used is generally ducal. Crests were granted and bequeathed. In Germany it is usual to bear the crests of the "seize quartiers" or some of them. This of course is inconsistent v ith the actual use of the crest in war. At first crests were con fined to persons of rank, but they have long been included in every grant of arms. In England two or more can only legitimately be borne when the bearer has from the crow n a grant of name and arms in addition to his own, as Chetwynd-Talbot, Fitz- Alan-Howard. With the crest is usually combined some flowing drapery known as the "panache," "mantling," or lambrequin. This seems to have served to protect the helmet from heat and dust, and was also ornamental. It is represented in great perfection on tombs of the 15th and 16th centuries, commonly of some brilliant colour with a lining and tassels. The tilting helmet which supports the head of the effigy of Humphrey de Bohun (died 1267), at Gloucester, is ac companied by a grand early specimen of the lambrequin. The Badge or Cognizance was not worn on the helmet, but displayed upon the persons of the retainers of great barons, and sometimes used to ornament the shield or seal. At the celebrated judicial coml;at at Coventry before Richard II. in 1398, Henry of Lancaster appeared with his housings of blue and green embroidered with swans and antelopes, his badges ; and Mowbray had housings of crimson velvet, embroidered with silver lions and mulberry trees, his badges. The bear was the Beauchamp badge, derived possibly from Urso D Abitot. They also used the ragged staff and the combination of the two. The seal of Richard III., 1484, as lord of Glamorgan, exhibits the boar as a supporter, and the counterseal repeats it as a badge (figs. 134, 135). This seal well illustrates various heraldic points. Its blazon is per pale, baron and femme ; baron, France modern and England quarterly, over all a label of three points ; femme, per fess, Beauchamp, and checquy, on a chevron fne pards heads jessant fleurs-de-lys, for Newburgh combined with Cantilupe. The same arms are repeated on the shields and caparisons of the counterseal. Richard married Anne Neville, but the Neville saltire does not appear, only the arms of Beauchamp and Newburgh, both of whcm were earls of Warwick. " The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff" was in herited by the Nevilles and Dudleys, and granted about 1759 to the Grevilles as the owners of Warwick castle. Pelham used a buckle, Percy a crescent, Boucher, Bowen,

Dacre, Heneage, Hungerford, Lacy, Stafford, Wake, and