Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/744

710 HERALDRY [APPENDAGES. Harrington used the knots that bear their names. Gower designates the great nobles of his day by their badges, as is done in the following satirical lines written about 1449 : The rote 1 is ded, the swan 2 is goon, The fiery cressett 3 hath lost his lyght, Therefore Ingloml may mak gret moue, Were not the helpe of God Almight. The castell 4 is wonne, where caro begoun The portecolys 5 is leyde a doun ; Yclosed we have oure Velvette hatte 6 , That kepyd us from mony stormy s brown. The white lion 7 is leyde to slepe, Thorough the envy of the ape clogge 8 , and so on, through interminable further instances. The Scottish clans wore native plants for their badges : Chisholm, the alder ; Menzies, the ash ; M In tosh, the box, <fec. The Motto. In times when each chief tenant under the crown brought his own tenants into the field, and led them, Fie. 134. Seal of Richard III. was under seal. It was given to his son, who adopted as a motto "Fides servata cineri." Supporters are now placed on either side of the shield, and are usually animals or human figures. They seem to have arisen from the ornaments introduced by the seal engraver, and became heraldic with the practice of quar tering. The seal of Edmund Crouchback bears a shield flanked by two wyverns, probably ornaments. That seal (1236) and the seal of Henry of Lancaster in 1300 contain bath crest and helm, lambrequin and supporters. The seal of Catherine, queen of Henry IV., has two antelopes, and her husband as prince used two swans. At Naworth the family supporters, of gigantic size, support the principals of the roof of the hall. Under the house of Tudor many families of knightly rank, as Babington, Stanhope, and Luttrel, used supporters, but at this time supporters are only granted to peers, knights of the garter, grand crosses of the bath, Nova Scotia baronets, and a few private persons who hold them by prescription. In Scotland they are used by heads of clans and by a few lowland families. .Fletcher of Saltoun uses two griffins. Another appendage is the Haf/le, upon which some North Wales families place their shields, and the double-headed variety so used by nobles of the Holy Roman empire. 1 Duke of Bedford. 2 Bohun, for duke of Gloucester. 8 Duke of Exeter. 4 Rouen. 5 Beaufort, duke of Somerset. 6 Cardinal Beaufort. 7 Duke of Norfolk. 8 Duke of Suffolk. distinct war-cries were common. The royal cry was " St George for England." The French cried, " Mont joy e St Denis ;" the cri de guerre of Bauffrement was their name ; that of Barr, "Au feu"; Seyton, " St Bennet and Set on." The common Highland cry or slogan was " Claymore"; that of the Medici, " Palle, palle," alluding to their arms. The motto succeeded to this (1291) ; Bruce of Annandale used " Esto fortis in bello"; Courtenay, "Passez bien devant 1 ; Hastings, " Honorantes me houorabo;" Kirkpatrick used the crest of the bloody dirk with the motto " I mak sicker. " The Warren motto, alluding to the earls resist ance to the " quo warranto," was " tenebo ; " Vernon, " God save the Vernon," ill exchanged for " Vernon semper viret," The Scottish borderers, who lived by harrying their neigh bours by moonlight, used stars and crescents for their arms, and such mottos as " Reparabit cornua Phoebe " for Scott of Harden, or " Watch weel " of Halyburton. In modern times Sir Dudley Ryder died while his patent of peerage FIG. 135. Counterseal of Richard III. The Livery has long lost its early signification, and is used only for the dress of the retainers in their lord s colour. At Richard III. s coronation 8000 badges of the white boar were wrought upon liveries of fustian. A statute of Henry IV. forbade the use of liveries under heavy penalties, but they reappeared in the Wars of the Roses. Richard III. used "collars of livery," but these were for persons of rank. One remains upon a Neville effigy at Brancepeth. Crowns, Coronets, and Symbols of Rank. The crown is the head attire of a sovereign prince. It is usually closed at the top by four arched bars called diadems, and sur mounted by a globe and cross. Edward IV. is said to have first closed the English crown. That now in use is a circle of gold, jewelled, edged above with crosses patce and fleurs-cle-lys alternate, and closed above with four bars and the cross and globe called in Germany the Reichsapfel (fig. 13G). Since the Restoration the crown of the Princes of Wales has been surmounted by two bars, also with the Reichsapfel (fig. 137). They also use the plume of three ostrich feathers, with the words " Ich dien," adopted by the Black Prince (fig. 138). Figs. 139 and 140 give representations of the imperial crown of Austria and the crown of the old kings of France. The Pope places three crowns over his mitre or tiara (fig. 141), said to have been severally assumed in 1295, 1335, and 1411. The crown imperial of Charlemagne maybe seen

on a scutcheon of pretence on the arms of Hanover, as the