For the most complete and exact account of the MSS. and the various editions of Horace, readers are referred to the Introduction to the admirable edition of Mr E. 0, Wickham, of which only the first volume, containing the Odes and Epodes, has appeared. For English readers the translation of the Odes and Satires by Sir Theo dore Martin, and of the Odes, Satires, and Epistles by the late Pro fessor Conington, and the Life of Horace by the late Dean Milman, may be especially recommended.
HORATII, three brothers born at one birth, who were the champions of Rome in the war against Alba Longa. Three Albin brothers, named the Curiatii, likewise born at one birth, were opposed to them. The mothers were also twin sisters, who had been married at the same time, and had given birth to their sons on one day. When the Alban army under their king Cluilius lay encamped some miles from Rome, Tullus Hostilius the Roman king agreed with them that the issue should depend on the combat between the two families. Two of the Horatii were soon slain ; the third brother feigned flight, and when the Curiatii who were all wounded pursued him without concert he turned and slew them one by one. Now the sister of the Horatii was engaged to one of the Curiatii, and had made for him a beautiful mantle. When the victor, adorned With this trophy, was entering Rome in triumph., his sister came to greet him by the Porta Capena ; but when the fatal mantle, which he wore as a trophy, showed her that her lover had fallen by her brother s hand, she invoked a curse on him. Enraged at her reproaches, he slew her on the spot ; and the body of her that preferred her lover to her country lay unburied till passers by covered it with stones. Horatius was condemned by duumviri, specially appointed as his judges, to be scourged to death ; but his father justified his action, and on appeal the people spared his life, condemning him in penalty to walk with veilei head below the sororium tigillum. Horatius was afterwards sent to destroy Alba Longa and transport all the inhabitants to Ronn. Monu ments of the tragic tale were shown by the Romans in the time of Livy : the pila Horatia in the forum, where the victor hung liis spoils; the beam under which the brother passed, and which stood across a narrow street near the site of the later Flavian Amphitheatre ; the sister s grave outside the gate; the grave of the two Horatii, and those of the three Curiatii where each had fallen; the fossa Cluilia dug by the Alb-ins to defend their camp.
The mythical character of many of these details is evident ; and indeed it was even doubtful which of the two sets of brothers belonged to Rome and which to Alba. Under the tale lie historical ficts known on other evidence the close relationship and the final internecine strife between the two cities. Alba, the ancient city on the Alban mount, was the mother of all the Latin cities, and of Rome itself; but the ancient city on the Alban hill had gridually given way to the younger cities in the plain, and was finally destroyed by them, while the inhabitants were transported to Rome and various other Latin cities. With the tale that formed round this fact were connected various monuments on the road that led from the Roman forum to Alba Longa. According to Schwegler, the fossa Cluilia (dneo, to purify) was probably an attempt to drain the country ; and the sororium tigillum was perhaps the memo rial of the substitution of judicial trial for the oldir patri archal jurisdiction in case of murder. Dyer, Kings of Mo.tne. maintains ths historical character of the tale.
HORDE, a manufacturing town of Westphalia, Prussia, circle of Dortmund, government district of Arnsberg, is situated on the railway from Dortmund to Soest, 2 miles south-east from Dortmund. It has one Roman Catholic and two Evangelical churches. Its industry is almost wholly connected with iron, and it possesses a large smelting- work, foundries, puddling-works, rolling mills, and manu factures of iron and plated wares. In the neighbourhood there are large iron and coal-pits. The population in 1875 was 12.837.
HOREB. See Sinai.
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Horehound.
HOREHOUND (Ang.-Sax., harliune; Germ., Andorn Fr., Marrube), Marrubium, L., a genus of perennial, usually cottony or woolly herbs, of the natural order Labiatce, and tribe Stachydece. Common or white horehound, M. vul- gare, L., has a short and stout rootstock, and thick stems, about a foot in height, which, as well as their numerous branches, are coated with a white or hoary felt whence the popular name of the plant. The leaves have long petioles, and ave roundish, or rhombic-ovate, crenate-serrate, much wrinkled, white and woolly below, and pale green and downy above ; the flowers are sessile, in dense whorls or clusters, small, and dull- white, with calyx 10-toothed, and the upper lobe of the corolla long and bifid. The plant occurs in Europe, North Africa, and North Asia to North-West India, and has been naturalized in parts of America. In Britain, where it is found generally on sandy or dry chalky ground, it is far from common. White hore hound contains a volatile oil, resin, a crystallizable bitter principle termed marmibiin, Hoveliouml. and other substances, and has a not unpleasant aromatic odour, and a persistent bitter taste. It possesses ex pectorant, tonic, and carminative properties, and in large doses is diuretic and laxative. Formerly it was official in British pharmacopoeias ; and the infusion, syrup, or confec tion of horehound has long been in repute for the treat ment of coughs and asthma, and has been recommended also in phthisis, chronic rheumatism, hepatic and uterine disorders, hysteria, and chlorosis. For medicinal purposes the plant should be gathered when in flower, and is pre ferable in the fresh condition. Black horehound, Ballota nigra, L., is a hairy perennial labiate plant, of foetid odour; is 2 to 3 feet in height ; has petiolate, roundish -ovate, serrate leaves, and numerous flowers, in dense axillary clusters, with a green or purplish calyx, and a pale red- purple corolla ; and occurs in Europe, North Africa, and Russian Asia, and in Britain, except in northern Scotland, and has been introduced into North America, Water hore hound is the Lycopus europceus of Linnaeus.
See Bcntham, Handl). Brit. FL, ii., 1865; Syme, Soicerly s Eng. Bat., vii. 50, 51, 1867 ; J. D. Hooker, Student s FL, 2d. ed., 1878; Bentley and Trimen, Med. PL, pt. 14, fig. 210; ar,d Stille and Maisch, The National Dispensatory, p. 901, 1879.
