Page:Fugue by Ebenezer Prout.djvu/141

This page has been proofread, but needs to be validated.

Chap. VIII.]

Fugue.

123

Handel. 'Messiah.'

$\new ChoirStaff << \override Score.Rest #'style = #'classical \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \new Staff \relative a' { \key d \major \time 4/4 \partial 2 a4. b8 | cis d e4. d16 cis b8 cis | d cis fis4. e16 d cis8 d | e4 a, s } \new Staff \relative e' { \clef alto \key d \major e4 r | e4. fis8 g a b4 ~ | b8 a16 g fis8 g a2 ~ | a4. g8 fis_"&c." } \new Staff \relative c' { \clef tenor \key d \major cis4 a ~ | a8 b cis d e4. d16 cis | b8 cis d e fis4. e16 d | cis8 d e4 r } \new Staff \relative a { \clef bass \key d \major a4 r | r e4. fis8 g a | b4. a16 g fis8 g a4 ~ | a8 b cis4 d } >>$

Here the first five notes only of the subject are taken for the stretto, the continuation of the passage being new. The stretto is at one crotchet's distance in all the voices, and is in reality a canon 4 in 1, at the octave and fourth below.

274. A fugue subject may also in a stretto be taken by inversion, augmentation, or diminution, or any combination of these, instead of in its original form. No rules can be given as to when these devices should be employed; this must be left to the judgment of the composer. We give a few examples. The subject of the 6th fugue in the 'Wohltemperirtes Clavier' is the following—

J. S. Bach. Wohltemperirtes Clavier, Fugue 6.

$\relative d' { \key d \minor \time 3/4 \mark \markup \tiny { (\italic"a") } r8 d e f g e | f16 d cis d bes'4 g\trill | a }$

The answer enters in the third bar. In the course of the fugue we meet with the subject slightly altered in form (a major third being substituted for a minor), and imitated at one bar's distance by its own inversion.

$\new ChoirStaff << \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \new Staff \relative b' { \key d \minor \time 3/4 \mark \markup \tiny { (\italic"b") } bes8 \[ a^"S" b cis d b | cis16 a gis a f'4 d\trill | e8 \] a ~ a16 g fis e g fis e d | ees c' bes8 } \new Staff \relative c' { \clef alto \key d \minor cis4 d8 e a,4 | r8 \[ e'^"S (inverted)" d cis b d | cis16 e fis e a,4 c | bes16 d ees d } \new Staff \relative a { \clef bass \key d \minor a4 ~ a16 g f e g f e d | e8 cis d e f d | a'4 fis8 e d fis | g4 } >>$

&c.

Later still all three voices of the fugue take part in the stretto, the inverted subject now leading.

$\new ChoirStaff << \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \override Score.Rest #'style = #'classical \new Staff \relative c'' { \key d \minor \time 3/4 \mark \markup \tiny { (\italic"c") } cis8 \[ a'^"S (inverted)" g f e g | f16 a bes a cis,4 e ~ | e8 a, d4 \] c! | c8 ees ~ ees16 d c d d c bes c | c bes a bes } \new Staff \relative f { \clef alto \key d \minor g4 r r | r8 \[ d'^"S" e f g e | f16 d cis d b'4 g | a \] fis, a | r16 g fis g } \new Staff \relative e { \clef bass \key d \minor e4 ~ e16 d cis b d cis b a | d4 r r | r8 \[ a'^"S (inverted)" g f e g | fis16 a bes a d,4 f | g, \] } >>$