Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/13

Contents vii BOOK IV. THE MIDDLE AGES CHAPTER PAGE XV. THE PERIOD OF INVASIONS AND THE WORK OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH I. Invasion of the Empire by Barbarians 181 II. Results of the Barbarian Invasions 188 III. The Mohammedan Invasion of Europe 191 . IV. The Work of the Christian Church 194 V. The Monks and their Missions 198 XVI. AGE OF DISORDER: FEUDALISM I. Conquests of Charlemagne 204 II. Causes of Disorder after Charlemagne 207 III. Feudal System and Neighborhood Warfare 211 XVII. POPES, EMPERORS, AND PRINCES IN THE MIDDLE AGES I. Origin of the Holy Roman Empire 216 II. The Long Struggle between Popes and Emperors . . . 220 III. Organization and Powers of the Church 222 XVIII. ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN THE MIDDLE AGES I. The Norman Conquest 227 II. Henry II and the Plantagenets 232 XIX. THE CRUSADES: HERESY AND THE MENDICANT ORDERS I. The First Crusade 237 II. The Second and Later Crusades; Results 241 III. The Heretics and the Friars 243 BOOK V. CIVILIZATION OF THE MIDDLE AGES XX. MEDIEVAL LIFE IN COUNTRY AND TOWN I. The Serfs and the Manor 248 II. The Towns and Guilds 251 III. Business in the Later Middle Ages 254 IV. Gothic Architecture 258 XXI. BOOKS AND SCIENCE IN THE MIDDLE AGES I. How the Modern Languages Originated 264 II. The Troubadours and Chivalry 267 III. Medieval Learning 268 IV. Medieval Universities and Studies 270 V. Beginnings of Modern Inventions 273