Page:General History of Europe 1921.djvu/14

Vlll General History of Europe CHAPTER PAGE XXII. ENGLAND AND FRANCE DURING THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR I. Wales and Scotland 279 II. Beginnings of the English Parliament 281 III. The Hundred Years' War 283 IV. England and France after the Hundred Years' War . . 286 XXIII. ITALY AND THE RENAISSANCE I. The Italian Cities during the Renaissance 289 II. The Art of the Renaissance 294 III. Early Geographical Discoveries 296 BOOK VI. THE PROTESTANT REVOLT AND THE WARS OF RELIGION XXIV. EMPEROR CHARLES V AND HIS VAST REALMS I. How Italy became the Battle Ground of the European Powers 300 II. How Spain became a Great European Power 302 III. The Empire of the Hapsburgs under Charles V .... 304 XXV. MARTIN LUTHER AND THE REVOLT OF GERMANY AGAINST THE PAPACY I. The Question of Reforming the Church ; Erasmus . . 308 II. Martin Luther and his Teachings 310 III. The Revolt against the Papacy begins in Germany . . 314 IV. Division of Germany into Catholic and Protestant Countries 316 XXVI. THE PROTESTANT REVOLT IN SWITZERLAND AND ENGLAND I. Zwingli and Calvin 319 II. How England fell away from the Papacy 322 III. England becomes Protestant 325 XXVII. THE WARS OF RELIGION I. The Council of Trent; the Jesuits . . 328 II. Philip II and the Revolt of the Netherlands ...... 331 III. The Huguenot Wars in France 334 IV. England under Queen Elizabeth 338 V. The Thirty Years' War 343 VI. The Beginnings of our Scientific Age 347