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Index xxxv Social orders and classes. See Bishops, Clergy, Feudalism, Peasants, Third Estate Socialism, principles of, 496 ff. ; and democracy, 498 ; flag of, 500 n. ; in Germany, 524 f. ; in Russia, 635; as an international movement, 664 f. See Ebert, Marx Socialist. See Political parties, Social- ism Society of Jesus, 329 Soc'ra tes, 96 f. Solomon, 42 ; temple of, 240 So'lon, 68 Somaliland, French, 581 Somme (som), battle of the, 626; British offensive on the, 645 Song of Roland, 266 Sophists, 80 Soph'5 cles, 84 f. South African Union, 548 f. Soviets, 635 Spain, 128, 131, 134, 175, 183, 193 f., 299, 302 f. ; first " King of," 306 ; loses Dutch provinces, 334; suffers from policies of Philip II and sinks to second-rate power, 343 ; involved in war over the question of the suc- cession, 37 1 f . ; colonies of, 390, 400, 484; cedes Louisiana to France (1801), 459 n. ; in the Napoleonic Period, 466 ; revolt of colonies of, 484; revolution in, 485 f.; a Hohen- zollern candidate for the throne of, 5i6n. ; decline in colonial power of, 584 ff. ; neutral in the World War, 633. See Austria, Charles V, Italy, Monroe Doctrine, Spanish- American War Spanish Armada, destruction of, 342 Spanish language, 265 Spanish Main, 299 Spanish ships captured by English mariners, 338 Spanish Succession, War of the, 363, 37 if- Spanish-American War (1898), 585, 644 Speyer (spl'er), 456; diet of, 316 Sphinx, 20 Spice Islands, 391 Spice trade in the Middle Ages, 297 f. Spinning and weaving, 489 Stamp Act, 397 Stanley in Africa, 581 Steam, age of, 492 Steam engine, 491 Steamships, 569 Stein (shtiri), Baron vom, 470, 480 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 281 Stoics, 113 Stone Age, Early, 3 f. ; Late, 5 f. Strassburg, 346, 369 Stuarts, 339, 351 ff., 364 n. Submarine methods, 630 Sudan (so dan'), 583 f. Suez Canal, 570, 583 Suffrage, reform of, in England, 533 Sulla (sul'a), 146 f. Sultan of Egypt, 620 Sii ma'tra, 390 Su me'ri ans, 24 Suzerain, medieval, 211 Sweden, in the Thirty Years' War, 343 ff. ; origin of kingdom of, 344 ; cedes Baltic lands to Russia, 378 ; neutrality of, in World War, 633 Swiss lake-dwellers. See Lake-dwellers Switzerland, origin of, 319 ff. ; Protes- tant revolt in, 320 f. ; independence of, 346 ; neutrality of, in World War, 633 Syndicalism, 530 Syndicats, 530 Syria, a Roman province, 138; Mos- lems in, 193, 237 ; Latin kingdoms in, 240; taken by the Allies, 647; under French protection, 661 Tacitus, 167, 206 Taft, ex-President, 658 Taille, 421, 424 Talleyrand (ta le rah'), 477 Tanks, 626 Tartars. See Mongols Tasmania, 544 Taxation, in the Roman Empire, 160, 171, 176; in the Middle Ages, 235, 256, 282, 284, 285, 402, 406, 407, 421 ; of the American colonies, 397 f.; as a result of militarism, 601, 632 Telegraph and telephone, 572 Templars, 240 " Tennis-Court " oath, 433 Terence, 140 Terrorism, 558f. Tet'zel, 311 Teutons, 146' Textbooks, 347