ATTICA NOT AT FIRST UNITED AS ONE STATE. G7 adopted in the Kleistheuean arrangement as the name of a deme, the holy gens so called adopted the distinctive denomination of Eteobutadoe, or " The True Butadse." 1 A great many of the ancient gentes of Attica are known to us by name ; but there is only one phratry (the Achniadse) whose title has come down to us. 2 These phratries and gentes probably never at any time included the whole population of the country, and the proportion not included in them tended to become larger and larger, in the times anterior to Kleisthenes, 3 as well as afterwards. They remained, under his constitution, and throughout the subsequent history, as religious quasi-families, or corporations, conferring rights and imposing liabilities which were enforced in the regular dikasteries, but not directly con- nected with the citizenship or with political functions : a man great antiquity, according to which they pronounced (Demosthen. cont. Androtion. p. 601; Schol. ad Demosth. vol. ii, p. 137, Reiske: compare Meier and Schb'mann, Dcr Attische Prozess, p. 117). The Butadse, also, had certain old unwritten maxims (Androtiou ap. Athcnse. ix, p. 374). Compare Bossier, De Gentibus et Familiis Atticas, p. 20, and Ostermann, De Praeconihus Graecor. sect. 2 and 3 (Marburg, 1845). 1 Lykurgus the orator is described as rbv 6//[tov BovruJw, yevove TOV TUV
- F,To3ovTa&iJv (Plutarch. Vit. x, Orator, p. 841).
8 In an inscription (apud Boeckh. Corpus Inscrip. No. 465). Four names of the phratries at the Greek city of Neapolis, and six names out of the thirty Roman curia:, have been preserved (Becker, Handbuch der Romischcn Alterthiimer, p. 32 ; Boeckh, Corp. Inscript. ii, p. 650). Each Attic phratry seems to have had its own separate laws and customs, distinct from the rest, roif Qparopai, KOTO. Toijf insivuv vofiovf (Isceus, Or. viii, p. 115, ed. Bek.; vii, p. 99; iii, p. 49). Bossier (De Gentibus et Familiis Atticse, Darmstadt, 1833), and Meier (De Gentilitate AtticA, pp. 41-54) have given the names of those Attic gentes that are known : the list of Meier comprises seventy-nine in number (see Koutorga, Organis. Trib. p. 122). 3 Tittmann (Griech. Staats Alterthiimer. p. 271) is of opinion that Kleis- thenes augmented the number of phratries, but the passage of Aristotle brought to support this opinion is insufficient proof (Polit. vi, 2, 11). Still less can we agree with Plainer (Beytrage znr Kenntniss des Attischen Redits, pp. 74-77), that three new phratries were assigned to each of the new Kleisthenean tribes. Allusion is made in Hesychius, 'ArptaKauroz, 'E$a rptaxudoe, to persons not included in any gens, but this can hardly be understood to refer to times interior to Kleisthenes, as Wachsmuth woald argue (p. 238).
