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KINADON ARRESTED. 253 tlie list of whom they wrote down, and forwarded by one of the guards to Sparta. The ephors, on receiving it, immediately arrested the parties principally concerned, especially the prophet Tisamenus ; and examined them along with Kinadon, as soon as take this risk, when all which the ephcrs required was, that Kinadon should pronounce the names, to be written down by others 1 With a man of the qualities of Kinadon, it probably required the most intense pressure to force him to betray his comrades, even by word of mouth ; it would probably be more difficult still, to force him to betray them by the more deliberate act of writing. I conceive that TJKEV iTnrevf, </>epuv ra ovofiara uv 6 Kivdduv uirsypaipe is to be construed with reference to the preceding sentence, and announces the carrying into effect of the instructions then reported as given by the ephors. " A guard came, bearing the names of those whom Kinadon had given in." It is not necessary to suppose that Kinadon had written down these names with his own hand. In the beginning of the Oration of Andokidcs (De Mysteriis), Pythoni- kus gives information of a mock celebration of the mysteries, committed by Alkibiades and others ; citing as his witness the slave Andromachus ; who is accordingly produced, and states to the assembly vivd voce what he had seen and who were the persons present Ilpwrof JJ.EV ovrof (Androma- chus) ravra tftqwae, nal uireypaipe rovrovf (s. 13). It is not here meant to affirm that the slave Andromachus wrote down the names of these persons, which he had the moment before publicly announced to the assem- bly. It is by the words uireypaipe rovrovf that the orator describes the pub- lic oral announcement made by Andromachus, which was formally taken note of by a secretary, and which led to legal consequences against the persons whose names were given in. So again, in the old law quoted by Demosthenes (adv. Makast. p. 1068), 'ATroypa^Ercj <5e rbv /J.TJ iroioiivTa ravra 6 J3ov7i,6fj.evof Ttpbf rbv up^ovra ; and in Demosthenes adv. Nikostrat. p. 1247. "A IK ruv v6[iuv T& ISiurg TGJ unoypdipavTt jiyverai, Ty Tro/let ufoy/it : compare also Lysias, De Bonis Aristophanis, Or. xix, s. 53 ; it is not meant to affirm that 6 aiToypa.<puv was required to perform his process in writing, or was necessarily able to write. A citizen who could not write might do this, as well as one who could. Ho informed against a certain person as delinquent ; he informed of certain arti- cles of property, as belonging to the estate of one whose property had been confiscated to the city. The information, as well as the name of the in- formsr, iras taken down by the official person, whether the informei could himself write or not. It appears to me that Kinadon, having been interrogated, told to the guards who first seized him, the names of his accomplices, just as he told these names afterwards to trie ephors (K<U rot)f Zweidoras Afye); and this, whether he was, or was not, alle to write ; a point, -which the passage of Xenophon noway determines.