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352 HISTORY OF GREECE. ance and become her enemy, with the fatal consequence of ren deling her vulnerable on the land-side. Under such circumstances we shall not be surprised to find the antipathy of the Athe- nians against Megai'a strongly pronounced, insomuch that the system of exclusion which they adopted against her was among the most prominent causes of the Peloponnesian war. Having traced what we may call the foreign relations of Athens down to this thirty years' truce, we must notice the im portant internal and constitutional changes which she had experi enced during the same interval. CHAPTER XLVI. CONSTITUTIONAL AND JUDICIAL CHANGES AT ATHENS UNDER PERIKLES. The period which we have now passed over appears to have been that in which the democratical cast of Athenian public life was first brought into its fullest play and development, as to judi- cature, legislation, and administration. The great judicial change was made by the methodical distri- bution of a large proportion of the citizens into distinct judicial divisions, by the great extension of theii' direct agency in that department, and by the assignment of a constant pay to every citizen so engaged. It has been already mentioned that even under the democracy of KHeisthenes, and until the time succeed- ing the battle of Plataea, large powers still remained vested both in the individual archons and in the senate of Areopagus : which latter was composed exclusively of the past archons after their year of ofiice, sitting in it for life, — though the check exercised by the general body of citizens, assembled for law-making in the ekklesia, and for judging in the heliaea, was at the same time