FRIEDRICH KRAUSE. 471 soul, lower soul (body, Leib), and body {KdrJ>er), and four corresponding kinds of knowledge, in reverse order, sen- suous perception, experience, reason, and spiritual intuition, of which the middle two are mediate or reflective in character, while the first and last are intuitive. For D. Th. A. Suabedissen also (1773-1835 ; professor in Marburg; Examination of Man, 181 5-1 8) philosophy is the science of man, and self-knowledge its starting point. The relatively limited reputation enjoyed in his own time and to-day by Friedrich Krause* (born in Eisenberg 1781 ; habilitated in Jena 1802 ; lived privately in Dresden ; became a Privatdocent in Gottingen from 1824; and died at Munich 1832; Prototype of Humanity, 1812, and numer- ous other works) has been due, on the one hand, to the appearance of his more gifted contemporary Hegel, and, on the other, to his peculiar terminology. He not only Germanized all foreign words in a spirit of exaggerated purism, but also coined new verbal roots, {Mdl, Ant, Or, Om) and from these formed the most extraordinary combi- nations ( Vcreinselhgan::%veseninncsein, Oromlebsclbstschaiien). His most important pupil, Ahrens (professor in Leipsic, died 1874; Course of Philosophy, 1836-38; Natural Right, 1852), helped Krause's doctrine to gain recognition in France and Belgium by his fine translations into French ; while it was introduced into Spain by J. S. del Rio of Madrid (died 1869). — Since the finite is a negative, the infinite a positive concept, and hence the knowledge of the infinite primal, the principle of philosophy is the abso- lute, and philosophy itself knowledge of God or the theory of essence. The Subjective Analytic Course leads from the self-viewing of the ego up to the vision of God ; the Synthetic Course starts from the fundamental Idea, God, and deduces from this the partial Ideas, or presents the world as the revelation of God. For his attempted recon- ciliation of theism and pantheism Krause invented the name panentheism, meaning thereby that God neither is the
- On Krause cf. P. Hohlfeld, Die Krausesche Philosophic, 1879 ; B. Martin,
1881 ; R. Eucken, Zur Erinverung an Krause, Festrede, 1881. From his posthumous works Hohlfeld and Wiinsche have published the Lectures on ^Esthetics, the System of Esthetics (both 1882), and numerous other treatises.
