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472 SCHELLING'S CO-WORKERS. world nor stands outside the world, but has the world in himself and extends beyond it. He is absolute identity, nature and reason are relative identity, viz., the identity of the real and ideal, the former with the character of reality, the latter with the character of ideality. Or, the absolute considered from the side of its wholeness (infinity) is nature, considered from the side of its self- hood (unconditionality) is reason ; God is the common root of both. Above nature and reason is humanity, which combines in itself the highest products of both, the most perfect animal body and self-consciousness. The human- ity of earth, the humanity known to us, is but a very small portion of the humanity of the universe, which in the multitude of its members, which cannot be increased, con- stitutes the divine state. Krause's most important work is his philosophy of right and of history, with its marks of a highly keyed idealism. He treats human right as an effluence of divine right ; besides the state or legal union, he recognizes many other associations — the science and the art union, the religious society, the league of virtue or ethical union. His philosophy of sXoxy {Ge^ieral Theory of Life, edited by Von Leonhardi, 1843) follows the Fichteo-Hege- h'an rhythm, unity, division, and reunion, and correlates the several ages with these. The first stage is germinal life ; the second, youth ; the third, maturity. The culmination is followed by a reverse movement from counter-maturity, through counter-youth, to counter-childhood, whereupon the development recommences — without cessation. It is to be regretted that this noble-minded man joined to his warm- hearted disposition, broad outlook, and rigorous method a heated fancy, which, crippling the operation of these advantageous qualities, led his thought quite too far away from reality. Ahrens, Von Leonhardi, Lindemann, and Roeder may be mentioned as followers of Krause. 3. The Philosophers of Religion. Franz (von) Baader, the son of a physician, was born in Munich in 1765, resided there as superintendent of mines, and, from 1826, as professor of speculative dogmatics, and died there also in 1841. His works, which con-