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582 GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA. tant introduction from his own hand. Later W. E. Chan- ning (1780-1842), the head of the Unitarian movement, attracted many young and brilliant minds, the most noted of whom, Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82), became a leader among the New England transcendentalists. Metaphysical idealism has, perhaps, met with less resist- ance in America than in England. Kant and Hegel have been eagerly studied (G. S. Morris, died 1889; C. C. Ever- ett; J. Watson in Canada; Josiah Royce, The Spirit of Modern Philosophy, 1892; and others); and The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, edited by W. T, Harris, has since 1867 furnished a rallying point for idealistic interests. The influence of Lotze has also been considerable (B. P. Bowne in Boston). Sympathy with German speculation, however, has not destroyed the naturally close connection with the work of writers who use the English tongue. Thus Spen- cer's writings have had a wide currency, and his system numbers many disciples, though these are less numerous among students of philosophy by profession (John Fiske, Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy, 1874). In the latest decades the broadening of the national life, the increasing acquaintance with foreign thought, and the rapid development of university work have greatly enlarged and deepened the interest in philosophical pursuits. This is manifested most clearly in the field of psychology, includ- ing especially the "new" or "physiological" psychology, and the history of philosophy, though indications of preg- nant thought in other departments, as ethics and the philosophy of religion, and even of independent construc- tion, are not wanting. Among psychologists of the day we may mention G. S. Hall, editor of The American Journal of Psychology (1887 seq^, G. T. Ladd {Elements of Physio- logical Psychology, 1887), and William James {Principles of Psychology, 1 890). The International Journal of Ethics (Philadelphia, 1890 seq>j, edited by S. Burns Weston, is "devoted to the advancement of ethical knowledge and practice "; among the foreign members of its editorial com- mittee are Jodl and Von Gizycki. The weekly journal of popular philosophy, The Open Court, published in Chicago, has for its object the reconciliation of religion and science;