ANDLO or ANDLAU, ANDELO or ANDELOW, Herman Peter von, author of a juristic treatise on the German empire, was descended of an Italian family settled in Alsatia. Little is known about his life. His work is interesting as presenting the earliest systematic exposition of the public law of Germany. It was composed probably about the year 1460, and was published at Strasburg in 1603 and 1612 in 4to, under the title—"De Imperio Romano, regis et augusti creatione, inauguratione, administratione et officio, juribus, ritibus et ceremoniis electorum, aliisque imperii partibus."—A. M.
ANDO´CIDES, an Attic orator, was born at Athens in 467 b.c. His father, Leogoras, was a man of luxurious and depraved tastes, which his son showed no backwardness in imbibing. Being descended of a high family, he naturally sided with the oligarchical faction in Athens, and through them obtained several important commissions in the service of the state. He comes very prominently forward in history, during the period in which informers were at a premium in Athens, in reference to the mutilation of the Hermæ. These handless statues, which stood in all parts of the city, were found one morning all slashed in various parts, with the exception of a few, among which was one near the house of Andocides. The Athenians were exceedingly anxious to discover the perpetrators of this deed, as they believed a conspiracy lay at the bottom of it. Andocides was supposed to be implicated, and escaped only by informing against four of the ringleaders. He most probably mentioned a good number of others, and among them his father, as his defence of himself against this report in a speech subsequently delivered "On the Mysteries," is not very satisfactory. As Andocides could not clear himself of guilt, he had to leave Athens; and the rest of his life was spent in wanderings. Again and again he returned to his native city; at one time was allowed to remain there for six years, but at last died in exile—a punishment to which he had been condemned four times. He did not suffer more than he deserved, for he seems to have been a thoroughly bad man. Three speeches of his remain, and another has been sometimes attributed to him, though it is not now generally regarded as his production. They make no pretensions to impassioned eloquence or elevated sentiment, but are plain, distinct, business-like exhibitions of the case in hand, and are important as historical documents.—J. D.
ANDOQUE, Pierre, a French antiquary of the sixteenth century, author of "Histoire du Languedoc, avec l'etat des provinces voisines," Beziers, 1648, fol. The accuracy of this work has been called in question.
ANDRADA or ANDRADE, Alfonso d', a Spanish jesuit, and rector of his order; born at Toledo in 1590, died at Madrid in 1658. He is author of a great many religious works.
ANDRADA, Antonio d', a Portuguese jesuit, was born at Villa de Oleiros in 1580. He spent the greater part of his life as a missionary in India. He made two expeditions into Thibet, a country then unknown to Europeans, and on his return to Goa he died suddenly in A. D. 1633.
ANDRADA, Diego Lopez d', a celebrated Portuguese preacher, born 1569; died 1635. His sermons and treatises were published at Madrid in 3 vols. fol. in 1656.
ANDRADA, Diego de Payva, a Portuguese theologian, author of several controversial works. Born 1528; died 1575.
ANDRADA, Diego de Payva, nephew of the above, author of "Exame d'Antiguidades," Lisbon, 1616, a critical examination of the Monarchia Lusitana of Brito Bernardo; also of "Casamento Perfecto," Lisbon, 1630.
ANDRADA or ANDRADE, Fernan Perez d', surnamed "O Bo" (Gallician for "the Good,") was the friend of Henry, count of Trastamara, afterwards Henry II., king of Castile and Leon. The ruins of the castle of Andrada still form an imposing feature in the landscape to the east of Puente de Eume. The magnificent bridge built across the river Eume in 1382-88, by the same nobleman, has fifty-eight arches, and is three thousand and forty-five Spanish feet in length.—A. M.
ANDRADA, Fernao Perez d', a distinguished Portuguese voyager of the earlier half of the sixteenth century, the companion of Francisco d'Almeida and of Albuquerque, under the latter of whom he fought in the sieges of Goa, and in the expedition against Malacca in 1511. Having returned to Portugal, Andrada was intrusted by King Manoel with the command of a mission to China, which he reached in 1517, being the first to open commercial intercourse with that country by way of the Cape of Good Hope. He ended his life in his native country, after a third voyage to the Portuguese possessions in India, but the precise date of his death is not known.—A. M.
ANDRADA, Francisco, a Portuguese poet, brother of Diego Payva, and author of "O primeiro cerco de Diu" (The first siege of Diu), Lisbon, 1589, and of a chronicle of the life of John III. of Portugal, written by order of Philip III., published at Lisbon in 1613.
ANDRADA or ANDRADE, Francisco Rades d', a meritorious Spanish historical writer of the sixteenth century. He was prior to the Benedictine convent of Jaen, and chaplain and almoner to Philip II. Andrada's principal work, which is still held in esteem, is his "Coronica de los tres ordenes, y caballerias de Santiago, Calatrava, y Alcantara," fol., Toledo, 1572—a history of the three Spanish orders of chivalry. Andrada himself belonged to the order of Calatrava, and wrote "Catalogo de las obligaciones que los Caballeros, Comendadores, Priores y otros Religiosos de lo Orden de la Caballeria de Calatrava tienen en Razon de su Habito y Profesion," 1 vol. 8vo, Toledo, 1571.—A. M.
ANDRADA or ANDRADE, Jacinto Freyre d', an eminent Portuguese author in prose and verse, was born of noble parents at Beja, in Alentejo, in 1597. Devoting himself to an ecclesiastical career, he repaired, after completing his education and taking the degree of bachelor of canonical law at Coimbra, to Madrid, where he was favourably received at the court of Philip IV. of Spain, and had the rich abbey of Santa Maria das Chās conferred upon him. Portugal, however, being at that time subject to the crown of Spain, Andrada, who cherished a patriotic attachment to the house of Braganza, became by-and-by an object of suspicion, and retired to his abbey of Chās, where he lived till John of Braganza seated himself on the Portuguese throne in 1640, under the title of Joāo IV. This monarch gave Andrada high proofs of his esteem, making him tutor to the young prince, Don Theodosio, and offering him the bishopric of Viseu, a dignity which he could not be prevailed on to accept. His caustic wit latterly brought him into disfavour at court. Andrada died at Lisbon in 1657. His most remarkable production is his life of John de Castro (Vida de Dom Joāo de Castro), fourth viceroy of Portuguese India, which appeared in 1651, passed through two editions the same year, and became one of the classical works in Portuguese literature. Ferdinand Denis, author of "Résumé de l'Histoire Litteraire du Portugal et du Bresil," and of the article on Jacinto de Andrada in the Nouvelle Biographie Universelle, is enthusiastic in his commendation of this work. It has been frequently reprinted. The latest Portuguese edition is that published at Lisbon in 1835, under the auspices of the Royal Academy of Sciences, with notes and original documents. A copy of this edition was published at Paris in 1837 by Aime Andre. There exists an English translation of the Vida de Dom Joāo de Castro, executed by Henry Herringman in the seventeenth century. Andrada had written a great deal in verse, but most of his poems are said to have perished accidentally by fire. Those which remain are to be found in the poeticas dos collection, entitled "Fenix renascida, ou Obras melhores engenhos Portugueses," Lisbon, 1746, (second edition.)—B. D. Soc. Usef. Know.—A. M.
ANDRADA, Miguel Leitam d', was born in 1555 at Villa de Pedrogao in Portugal, and accompanied the king, Sebastian, on his disastrous expedition to Africa, of which he has written the history.
ANDRADA, Pedro Fernandez d', a writer on military affairs, lived at Seville about a.d. 1600.
ANDRADA, Paolo Gonzalez d', one of the most eminent poets of Portugal, flourished in the 17th century.
ANDRADA Y SYLVA, Bonifacio Jozé d', a Brazilian mineralogist and statesman, generally recognized as the founder of the independence of his native country, was born at Villa da Santos in 1765. He studied first in Brazil, then at Coimbra in Portugal, where his talents attracted so great attention, that at the age of twenty-five he was appointed travelling naturalist to government. In this capacity he visited the greater part of Europe, inspecting the principal mining establishments, and perfecting himself under the tuition of Lavoisier, Fourcroy, Jussieu, Haüy, Werner, and Volta. On this journey he became intimately acquainted with the great Humboldt. On returning from this expedition he was appointed professor of mineralogy and geognosy at Lisbon, and inspector-general of mines in Portugal. During the French invasion he commanded a regiment
