longer, he would have been made lord chancellor of England; but this seems to want confirmation. He died on the 6th April, 1686, aged seventy-three years. Though Lord Annesley has been spoken of disparagingly by Burnet and others of his contemporaries, there seems no reason to doubt his honesty, whatever opinion might be entertained of his judgment or his talents. He was a man of some scholarship and literary pretensions, and left a considerable number of works.—(Athenæ Oxonienses; Royal and Noble Authors. Biog. Brit. Lit.)—J. F. W.
ANNESLEY, Samuel, born at Kenilworth in 1620. He was of good family, being related to the earl of Anglesey. Having studied at Queen's College, Oxford, he was, in 1644, made chaplain to the lord high admiral, and went to sea with him. In 1648, the university of Oxford made him D.C.L. He held several places of preferment under the Commonwealth, the last of which was St. Giles', Cripplegate, to which he was presented by Richard Cromwell. Refusing to conform, he was deprived at the Restoration, but continued to officiate in nonconformist congregations till his death, 1696. Baxter speaks in the highest terms of Annesley's excellence and piety. One of his daughters married the Rev. Samuel Wesley, and became the mother of the celebrated John Wesley. His published works consist mostly of sermons.—J. B., O.
ANNIBALE, Padovano, a native of Padua, as is indicated by his name, was so distinguished for his organ-playing, that he was appointed to that of St. Mark's at Venice, when he was but twenty-five years of age. He held this post for thirty years, during which time he produced many compositions, not only for the organ, but also for the lute, and for the virginals (or whatever description of keyed instrument with strings was then in use), upon both of which he was a notable player. He died in 1655, leaving behind him the reputation of being one of the most able executive musicians of his day.—G. A. M.
ANNIBALLIA´NUS, Flavius Claudius, a nephew of the Emperor Constantine I., lived in the fourth century. On the partition of the empire he received Pontus, Cappadocia, Armenia, Bithynia, and Cæsarea, but was assassinated a.d. 337.
ANNI´CERIS, a Greek philosopher of Cyrene, of the Epicurean school, who lived about 330 b.c.
ANNIO DA VITERBO, or Giovanni Nanni, was born at Viterbo in 1432. He entered the Dommican order, and became master of the household to Pope Alexander VI., and died in 1502. His philological and antiquarian attainments were considerable, but he is chiefly known in connection with certain literary forgeries of that epoch, in which he was probably the dupe of some unknown individual.—J. W. S.
ANNO or HANNO, an archbishop of Cologne, who lived in the eleventh century, and became regent of the German empire during the minority of Henry IV.
ANNO´NE or ANNO´NI, Johann Jakob, a naturalist and antiquarian of Basle, who lived in the last century. His museum is still preserved in his native town.
ANOT, Pierre Nicholas, a French historian, was born in 1762, and died in 1823.
ANQUETIL, Louis Pierre, was born at Paris in 1723, and died in 1806. He is the author of a history of France in 14 vols., and of several valuable works on the affairs of the "League," the "Fronde," &c. His essay on the "Motives for War" is much admired by diplomatists.
ANQUETIL-DUPERRON, Abraham Hyacinthe, a younger brother of the preceding, was born at Paris in 1731, and died in 1805. At an early age he was inspired with the wish to study the languages and literature of the East. After having made himself acquainted with the Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian tongues, he enlisted as a private soldier in a regiment bound for the French possessions in India. Here he became intimate with the Parsee priests or "destours," studied under their guidance the Sanscrit, Pehlvi, and Zend languages, and obtained a number of manuscripts containing the doctrines of Zoroaster. On his return to Europe, he published a translation of these under the title "Zend Avesta." This work excited the greatest curiosity among the learned, but upon close examination it was found full of errors—the result of Anquetil's imperfect acquaintance with the original tongues. The remainder of his life was spent in Paris, amidst voluntary privations, endured in imitation of the sages of India. He died in 1805. He was aided in his researches in India by his younger brother Anquetil de Briancourt.—J. W. S.
ANSALDI, Casto Innocenzio, a Dominican friar of Piacenza, author of many works on history, archæology, and divinity. He was born a.d. 1710, and died in 1779.
ANSALDI, Innocente, a Tuscan painter, more noted for his writings on art, than as an artist. Born 1734; died 1816.
ANSALDO, Giovanni Andrea, an Italian painter, born at Voltri in 1584, died in 1638. He studied first under Cambiasio, but, having seen a painting by Paolo Veronese, gave himself up entirely to the imitation of that great master, which imitation he not only carried into all his own numerous works, but even enforced it on his many pupils.—R. M.
ANSALO´NI, Giordano, a Sicilian monk of the seventeenth century, who, hearing of the persecution of the Christians in Japan, travelled thither in order to undergo martyrdom,—a project which proved completely successful.
ANSARI, Abu-l-Kasim, a Persian poet of the 11th century, who lived at the court of Mahmud of Ghizni. His chief merit lies in having brought into notice the great Firdûsi.
ANSART, André Joseph, a French writer on church history, lived in the last century.
ANSART, Louis Joseph Auguste, a French ecclesiastical author, who lived from 1748 to 1823.
ANSBERT, a French saint of the seventh century.
ANSBERT, a German chronicler of the twelfth century, who accompanied the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa to Palestine, and wrote a most interesting history of that expedition.
ANSCHAR, ANSCARIUS or ANSGERIUS, surnamed the "Apostle of the North," a monk of Picardy, was born in 801, and died in 864. He was educated at the convent of Corbie, in his native province, and removed thence, as teacher of literature, to the monastery of Carvei in Westphalia. He afterwards travelled in Denmark and Sweden as a missionary, and preached in those regions with great zeal and success. He was successively appointed archbishop of Hamburg and Bremen, and papal legate amongst the Danes, Swedes, and the Slavic tribes on the Baltic. His journal appears to have been lost.—J. W. S.
ANSEAUME, a French dramatic author of the last century.
ANSEGI´SUS, a monk of Gaul, lived about a.d. 800, and had great influence under Charlemagne and his successor.
ANSEGISUS, an archbishop of Sens, who lived in the ninth century, and held the office of pontifical vicar in France.
ANSEGISUS (ANSUSUS, ANSERSUS, ANSEISUS or ANCIGISUS), a warlike bishop of Troyes in France, who lived in the tenth century.
ANSELIN, Jean Louis, an engraver of Paris, a pupil of St. Aubin, was born in a.d. 1764, and died in 1823.
ANSELM, St., of Canterbury, was born at Aosta in Piedmont, a.d. 1033, and belonged to a noble Lombardian family on the father's side. At an early age he entertained a strong desire to lead the life of a monk, a desire which seems to have been excited by the pious instructions of his mother. But the influence of his father, and the youthful exercises in which he was engaged, checked this propensity, so that he became frivolous and worldly-minded. Being alienated from his father, whose discipline towards him was severe, he left home, wandering about for several years in Burgundy and France, till at length he came to Avranches in Normandy, where he heard of the fame of Lanfranc, prior of the abbey of Bec. Under the superintendence of this celebrated teacher, he applied himself with untiring industry to the studies he had entered upon at a very early age; and his former desire for a monastic life returned. After many inward struggles he became a monk of Bec, at the age of twenty-seven. Three years afterwards, he succeeded his instructor as prior. The duties of this office were numerous, including the direction of the studies, disciplinary oversight, and the cure of souls. In all respects he acquitted himself with great credit to the place, and with marked success. Here he was occupied with the deepest problems of speculative theology, in free intercourse with the inquisitive and ardent spirits who had come to the abbey. He had great knowledge of the human heart, and could unfold truth with such wise moderation and earnest piety, as to secure for it a ready entrance into the mind. To the young he was very attentive, treating them with mildness and discretion. The MSS. of the cloister library he enlarged and corrected, in addition to his other labours. However occupied, he never omitted his private duties of devotion, his ascetic practices, fastings, and nightly vigils. When Abbot Herluin died in 1078, he was unanimously elected
