Ariarathes VI. He married the sister of Mithridates, king of Pontus, who caused him to be assassinated, 96 b.c.
Ariarathes VII. had no sooner assumed the purple than his uncle, Mithridates Eupator, made an attempt to seize upon the royal power. Ariarathes immediately assembled an army to oppose him, when Mithridates, inviting him to a conference, slew him in the sight of both armies.
Ariarathes VIII., a younger son of the sixth king of the same name, was driven from his throne by Mithridates, shortly after his accession, and survived but a very little while.
Ariarathes IX., was, after the battle of Philippi, deposed, and put to death by Antony, 36 b.c., after a reign of only six years.—S.
ARIAS FERNANDEZ, Antonio, a celebrated painter of Spain, flourished in the seventeenth century. So precocious were his talents, that at the very early age of fourteen he was appointed to decorate the high altar of the monastery of the Carmelites at Toledo.
ARIAS, Francisco, a Spanish jesuit of great reputation for learning and piety, was born at Seville in 1533, and died in 1605. He was intimately allied in ecclesiastical matters with the apostle of Andalusia, Juan de Avila. Two devotional works of Arias have been translated into Latin and into various modern languages.
ARIAS, Francisco Gabino, born at Satta, in Buenos Ayres, lived at the close of the eighteenth century. Originally a soldier, he forsook the profession of arms, to devote himself to the exploration of the unknown regions of the South American continent, which through his enterprise were opened up to his countrymen. He bequeathed to his son the task of giving publicity to the account of his travels, which he had written during his various expeditions, but unfortunately they have not yet been printed. Arias died 1808.—S.
ARIAS MONTANUS, Benedictus, editor of the Antwerp Polyglott, a Spanish ecclesiastic, was born at Frexenell in Estramadura (some say at Seville), in 1527. He studied at the university of Alcala, entered the order of the Benedictines, and accompanied the bishop of Segovia to the council of Trent in 1562. On his return to Spain, he led a life of entire seclusion, till Philip II. selected him as editor of the projected Bible. The book was printed by Plantin, at Antwerp, in eight folios, between the years 1568 and 1573. Only four hundred copies were thrown off, and the greater part of them were lost by the wreck of the vessel which was conveying them to Spain. Like many scholars who have laboured on the text of Scripture, Montanus was ignorantly accused to the inquisitors of Rome and Spain, for tampering with the words of the sacred volume. Leo de Castro, professor of Oriental languages at Salamanca was his great antagonist, but signally failed in his charges. When Montanus, after several voyages to Rome, had successfully vindicated himself, the king offered him a bishopric, which he declined, and accepted only 2000 ducats and a royal chaplaincy. He returned again to his hermitage at Aracona, but in a short time was induced to assume the office of librarian at the Escurial—ultimately retiring to Seville, where he died in 1598. Montanus also wrote commentaries in Latin on several books of scripture, and the barbarously literal Latin version which accompanies his Polyglott was adopted by Walton, and has been often reprinted.—J. E.
ARIBERT, duke of Aquitaine. See Caribert.
ARIBERT I., king of the Lombards, elected in 653, enjoyed a peaceful reign of nine years, the most remarkable acts of which were the expulsion of the Arians from his dominions, and the settlement of the Nicenes. Died 661.
ARIBERT II. succeeded his father Ragimbert, king of the Lombards, 701 a.d. He was driven from his throne by Ansprand 712; and, in despair at his evil fortunes, drowned himself in the river Ticino. During his reign he bestowed certain possessions in the Cottian Alps on the see of Rome, the history of which is involved in much obscurity, and has given rise to a great deal of controversy.—S.
ARICI, Cesare, a native of Brescia in Italy, was appointed under Napoleon I. one of the judges of the department of Mella, of which his native city was the chief town. He is the author of several didactic poems, on such subjects as the cultivation of the olive and the rearing of sheep. Born 1782; died 1836.
* ARIENTI, Carlo, born at Milan at the beginning of this century. Studied at the Milanese academy, and at Rome. He is one of the best historical painters of the day in Italy. He has established himself at Turin.—R. M.
ARIENTI, Cecco, author of a work called "Libro d'Annotazioni sopra le virtù dell' Acque e dei Bagni della Porella." Died in the year 1508.
ARIENTI, Tommaso, a Bolognese physician, and author of an unpublished work, entitled "Praxis omnium morborum cum medicinis cujusque generis," was professor of surgery at Bologna towards the end of the fourteenth century. He was murdered by one of his own servants.
ARIENTI. See Argenti.
ARIF-AL-HARWI, Maulana, from what is related of him in Daulatshah's "Lives of the Persian Poets," seems to have flourished in the early part of the fifteenth century. Very little is known of his life, but such of his works as still exist prove him to have been a man of superior genius.
ARIGISUS or ARECHIS I., a duke of Beneventum, who reigned for fifty years from a.d. 591.
ARIGISUS or ARECHIS II., raised to the duchy of Beneventum a.d. 758. He was the first who held the dignity of prince of Beneventum, having in 774 successfully opposed the attempt of Charlemagne to seize his territory. He was a wise prince, and is remembered as the author of a "Capitulare," or series of laws, which show great wisdom and equity.—J. B.
ARIGNOTE of Samos, a female philosopher of the school of Pythagoras. She was reputed to be his daughter, but the only foundation for this supposition seems to be, that they were both natives of Samos, and that she was a disciple of his school. Arignote left some writings on the mysteries of Bacchus.
ARIGONI, Giovanni Giacomo, a musician of the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the following century. The publication of his madrigals in 1623, and his "Concerti di camera," in 1635, both at Venice, gives reason to suppose that he was a resident, if not a native, of that city. Besides these printed works, he wrote many more concerti di camera, and other pieces in the madrigal style, several of which were preserved in the royal library of Copenhagen, but lost in the great fire which destroyed that institution in 1794. He is said to have had great merit in the style of music he produced, and the surname of L'Affettuoso, by which he is commonly designated, bespeaks the generally prevailing character of his compositions. He was a member of a society named Fileutera, which seems to have been regarded as a high distinction.—(Fètis, Schilling.)—G. A. M.
ARIGONI or ARRIGONI, Honorius, a celebrated Italian numismatist, was born at Venice in 1668. His collection of medals is one of the most perfect known. He has left an account of it in a work entitled "Numismata quædam cujuscunque formæ et metalli musæi Honorii Arigonii Veneti, ad usum juventutis rei nummariæ studiosi," Venice, 1741-59.—(Moschini.)
ARIMINO, Gregorio, of Rimini, general of the Augustine order, died at Vienna in the year 1358. He taught the scholastic philosophy in the university of Paris about 1307, and in 1351 was principal professor in the Augustine convent at Rimini. He was named "Doctor Authenticus."
ARINGHI, Paolo, a Romish theologian, died in 1676. His principal work, on the catacombs and monuments of Rome, is named "Roma Subterranea Novissima." It is little more than a Latin translation of the work of Bosio.
ARIOALD, or ARIUALD, or CAROALD, was the husband or Gundaberga, sister of Adaloald, king of the Lombards, and succeeded that monarch in the year 625-6.
ARIOBARZANES, three kings of this name, the descendants of one of the Persians who put Smerdis the magian to death, reigned in Pontus. The first was delivered up to the king of Persia by his own son Mithridates I., who was succeeded by Ariobarzanes II. in 363 b.c., mentioned with his three sons by Demosthenes as Athenian citizens. According to Diodorus, he was satrap of Phrygia, while Nepos ascribes to him also the governorship of Lydia and Ionia. The fact appears to be, that having openly rebelled against Artaxerxes II., he established for himself an independent kingdom.—Ariobarzanes III. was the son of Mithridates III., whom he succeeded 266 b.c. Having ratified an alliance with the Gauls, which had been contracted by his father, they aided him in repelling the Egyptians, sent against him by Ptolemy Philadelphus; but having afterwards incurred the displeasure of his allies, they made war upon his son Mithridates IV. Ariobarzanes died 240 b.c.—S.
