a shoemaker at Hackleton. In 1783 he joined the baptist communion and began preaching, and three years later was chosen pastor of a congregation at Moulton, where, however, he had still to labour at his trade to win a scanty support f or his family, for he had by this time married. Nevertheless, he found time to acquire a knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and to prepare for missionary labour in distant lands. He prepared a rude outline map, which he hung upon the wall of his workshop, and on which he was in the habit of making notes concerning the population, religion, and manners of various countries. In 1787 he removed to the pastorate of a congregation in Leicester, where he employed his extended influence to excite an interest in the state of the heathen. The result was that a meeting of his brother ministers, among whom were Robert Hall, Fuller, and Ryland, was held at Kettering, Northamptonshire, October 2, 1792, when they formed themselves into a Baptist Missionary Society. They chose India as the field of labour, and Carey as their first missionary. Early in 1794 he landed in Bengal with his wife and family. He had to encounter early disaster, for all that he had provided for the establishment and support of the mission was lost by the upsetting of a boat on the Hooghly. Thus deprived of the means of subsistence, and desolate in a strange land, Carey and his party proceeded in an open boat, till about forty miles east of Calcutta they found refuge at Dehatta, the residence of Charles Short, Esq. Mr. Carey soon obtained a situation as manager of an indigo factory near Malda. He did not, however, lose sight of his great work, but erected a school near the factory, where he also preached in the language of the country on two days every week, making occasional journeys into neighbouring districts to prepare the way for missionary labour, when he should be joined by assistants from England. When these came, however, the East India Company refused them permission to settle, because they fancied the operations of the mission were in violation of the treaties they had made with the native governments. Mr. Carey, therefore, resolved to avail himself of the protection of the Danish governor, Colonel Bie, and removed in 1799 to Serampore, where, with Messrs. Ward, Marshman, and Fountain, he opened schools, began preaching, and established a printing-press. Early and marked success attended these varied labours. Mr. Carey's fame as an oriental scholar became so great, that in 1801 he was appointed by Marquis Wellesley to the chair of Sanscrit, Bengalhee, and Mahratta, in the new college at Fort-William. In 1805 he began to preach with great success in the Loll bazaar at Calcutta; but in the following year, on the breaking out of the Vellore mutiny, which was foolishly attributed to animosity against the missionaries, orders were issued by the Bengal council that their labours should cease. They still, however, found protection and encouragement in the Danish settlements, and ere long were able to resume operations even in the territory of the company, the true cause of the mutiny having come to light. In 1814 they had twenty stations; and in the following year the new charter act came into operation, which gave a legal sanction to their exertions as schoolmasters and teachers. In 1805 Mr. Carey received the degree of D.D. from a British university, and in 1806 was elected a member of the Asiatic Society. From about this time till his death on June 9, 1834, he continued to prosecute his missionary and philological labours with uninterrupted and increasing success. The extent of Dr. Carey's acquirements as a student of eastern languages, may be gathered from the fact, that he published a Mahratta grammar, 1805; a Sanscrit grammar, 1806; a Mahratta dictionary, 1810; a Pamjabee grammar, 1812; a Felingee grammar, 1814; the "Raymayana," in the original text, three vols. 4to, 1806-1810; a Bengalhee dictionary, 1818; a Bhotanta dictionary, 1826; and, with the assistance of Dr. Marshman, a grammar of the same language. From the Serampore press there issued during his lifetime, editions of the scriptures in the dialects of more than forty tribes, comprising nearly 200,000,000 of human beings. Dr. Carey had also no mean distinction as a man of science, from his researches into the botany of the East.—J. B.
CARGILL, Donald, one of the foremost of Scotland's noble army of martyrs. He was minister of the Barony parish of Glasgow at the restoration of Charles II. in 1660. His refusing to observe a day of thanksgiving for the Restoration, which no presbyterian could consistently do, exposed him to the fierce opposition of the civil power; he was forbidden to preach, and sentence of banishment was passed on him as a rebel. In spite of these tyrannical acts, however, he continued to proclaim the gospel whenever an opportunity offered. He took part with Richard Cameron in the Sanquhar Declaration in 1680. After that dauntless witness for truth and liberty fell, Cargill was one of the most distinguished in bearing aloft the banner of the covenant. He had the courage to pronounce in due form sentence of ecclesiastical excommunication on the king and a number of his associates among the nobility. This is known in history as the Torwood Excommunication, from the place in Stirlingshire where it occurred. The act, however much censured, has this to be said in its defence, that it was only too well merited by the character and conduct of those on whom it fell. After many remarkable escapes, Cargill was at length apprehended by his pursuers, was carried to Edinburgh, tried, and condemned to the gallows. He was, accordingly, along with some others, executed at the cross of Edinburgh in 1681. His behaviour at the scaffold, his dying speech and testimony, and some letters addressed to friends, bear ample and touching witness to the lofty piety, the ardent zeal, and the uncompromising fidelity of the venerable martyr.—(See Scots Worthies; Cloud of Witnesses; Hind Let Loose; Biographia Presbyteriana; Wodrow's History, &c.)—W. S.
CARGILL, James, a Scotch physician and botanist, resided at Aberdeen during the sixteenth century. He studied botany and anatomy at Basle during the time that Caspar Bauhin held the professorship of those sciences, for whom a chair was first created in that city in 1589. Bauhin mentions Dr. Cargill as one who transmitted seeds and specimens to him. Gesner and Lobel also acknowledge his services, and the latter speaks of him as a philosopher, and as well skilled in the sciences of botany and anatomy. He appears to have been alive in 1603, when he sent specimens of fucus (laminaria) digitatus to Bauhin. He has not left any writings.—J. H. B.
CARIBERT or CHARIBERT, I. and II. See Merovinsians.
CARIBERT or HARIBERT, eldest son of Clothaire I., lived in the sixth century. On the division of the dominions of Clothaire, at the death of that monarch in 561, Caribert had for his share the kingdom of Paris. He afterwards obtained some other towns, among which were Avranches and Marseilles. He died near Bourdeaux about the year 567.
CARIBERT or CHARIBERT, son of Clothaire II., and younger brother of Dagobert, whom he obliged to cede to him the realm of Aquitaine. He died in the year 631.
CARIBERT or CHAROBERT, son of Charles Martel, king of Naples and Hungary, born at Naples about 1292; died in 1342. His succession to the throne of Hungary having been disputed by Wenceslaus, fourth king of Bohemia, Pope Boniface VIII. summoned the rival princes to plead before his tribunal, and by a bull dated 30th May, 1303, decided in favour of Caribert, who, during a long and flourishing reign, greatly extended by conquest and diplomacy the frontiers of the kingdom.
CARIGNANO. The name of a branch of the royal house of Savoy, which ultimately succeeded to the throne of Sardinia. It took its name from Carignano, a small town in the province of Turin. The first prince of Carignano was Thomas Francis, son of Charles Emmanuel I., duke of Savoy. He was born in 1596, and at the age of sixteen gave signal proofs of courage and ability in the Italian war which his father waged against the Spaniards. In consequence of the hostility of Cardinal Richelieu, he abandoned the French and joined the Spanish interest, and gained considerable advantages over the French and their allies the Dutch. His ambition excited great troubles in Savoy during the minority of his nephew, but ultimately peace was established through the mediation of the pope, Urban VIII., and Carignano obtained the commission of lieutenant-general of the French and Piedmontese army. The great Turenne served under him when Asti and Trino were taken from the Spaniards. The favour of Cardinal Mazarin obtained for the prince the office of high-steward of France, in the room of the prince of Conde, who had been declared guilty of treason. He died at Turin in 1656. His grandson, Victor Amadeus, who died in 1741, was lieutenant-general of the armies of France and Savoy. A grandson of this prince, bearing the same name, was a lieutenant-general in the service of France, and died in 1780, and Charles Albert, his grandson (see Charles Albert), ascended the throne of Sardinia, on the failure of the
