HORSLEY, William, Mus. Bac, Oxon., a name well known to the lovers of choral harmony, was born in London in 1774, and died at Kensington in June, 1857. Owing to bad health he had reached his sixteenth year before he commenced his musical studies, which were prosecuted with but little assistance, the master under whom he was first placed (Theodore Smith) having much neglected him. Early in life he became acquainted with Dr. Callcott (whose daughter he subsequently married), whose example and conversation proved highly useful to him, and led to his first attempts at glee writing. In 1798 Mr. Horsley suggested the formation of a society for the cultivation of English music, which was carried into effect, and by the late Mr. Webbe named Concentores Sodales, under which title it still exists. In 1800 he had the degree of bachelor in music conferred on him at Oxford. Shortly after he was appointed organist to the Blind Asylum, and subsequently of Belgrave chapel. In 1837 he accepted the post of organist to the Charter-house, which he held till the period of his decease. He composed much of various kinds of music; but his glees, which are very numerous, are the works on which his reputation is chiefly founded. Of these, "By Celia's Arbour," "See the Chariot at hand," "Cold is Cadwalla's tongue," &c., are known wherever this species of music is cultivated. In private life Mr. Horsley was most amiable, beloved and respected by all who knew him—a complete picture of the fine old English gentleman.—E. F. R.
* HORSMAN, Edward, Right Honourable, ex-chief secretary for Ireland, and a privy councillor, is the son of the late Dr. Horsman, by a daughter of Sir John Dalrymple of Oxenford, fourth baronet. Mr. Horsman is thus a near connection of the Scottish house of Stair. Educated at Rugby and Cambridge, he became a member of the Edinburgh bar, but has never actively followed his profession. He made his début in public life as a member of the commission appointed to inquire into the state of the Scotch universities, and entered the house of commons in 1836 as M.P. for Cockermouth, and on liberal principles. He was a lord of the treasury from June till September, 1841, when the whig ministry was displaced by the government of the late Sir Robert Peel. Besides supporting liberal principles and a liberal policy generally, Mr. Horsman was for several years a prominent advocate of church reform. In Lord Palmerston's first ministry Mr. Horsman was chief-secretary for Ireland, a post which he resigned in June, 1857, on the ground, as he afterwards explained, that its duties were not ample or important enough to occupy his time with satisfaction to himself. In 1853 he had exchanged the representation of Cockermouth for that of Stroud. Mr. Horsman is one of the members of the liberal party who voted for Lord Derby's reform bill of 1859, and who have opposed the French alliance and the commercial treaty with France. He married in 1841 Charlotte Louisa, only daughter of the late John Charles Ramsden, Esq., many years M.P. for Malton, and sister of Sir John Ramsden, now one of the representatives of the West Riding, and formerly undersecretary for the war department.—F. E.
HORSTIUS, Jacob, a German physician, professor at Helmstädt, physician to the archduke of Austria, and author of a work on somnambulism, &c., was born at Torgau in 1537, and died about 1600.—His nephew Gregory, physician to the landgrave of Hesse, and author of numerous medical works, a complete edition of which appeared at Nuremberg in 1660, was born at Torgau in 1578, and died in 1636.—He had two sons, Gregory and Johann Daniel, both of whom followed the medical profession and contributed to medical literature.
HORT or HORTE, Josiah, Archbishop of Tuam, was educated along with Dr. Watts under the care of the Reverend Thomas Rowe, a dissenting minister; but after himself officiating as a minister among the dissenters, he conformed to the Church of England, went to Ireland as chaplain to the lord-lieutenant, became successively bishop of Ferns and Leighton in 1724, of Kilmore and Ardagh in 1727, and archbishop of Tuam in 1742. He died in 1751.—J. S., G.
HORTA or ORTA, Garcias. See Orta.
HORTE, Paul, a French ecclesiastic and man of science, was born in 1652 at Pont de Veyte. He entered the order of jesuits, and served as a naval chaplain under the Duc de Mortemart, the Maréchal d'Estrées, and the Maréchal de Tourville, and was finally appointed a professor in the royal seminary at Toulon, where he died on the 20th of February, 1700. His writings relate to naval tactics, as studied by him during his period of service, and to naval architecture.—W. J. M. R.
HORTENSIUS, Quintus, an eminent Roman orator, was born in 114 b.c.; his birth preceding that of Cicero by eight years. His first appearance in the forum, which took place when he was only nineteen, at once established his position as an advocate. After being obliged to serve for two years during the social war, he resumed his forensic labours. He was regarded as the first orator of the day until the famous case of Verres occurred, which, besides its other results, destroyed Hortensius and established Cicero as the monarch of the forum. Subsequently the rivals were engaged together in the defence of C. Rabirius, L. Muræna, and P. Sulla; Cicero, whose superiority was now no longer disputed, speaking last on all these occasions. Hortensius took his share in public life, becoming quæstor in 81 b.c., ædile in 75 b.c., prætor urbanus in 72 b.c., and finally consul, with Q. Cæcilius Metellus, in 69 b.c. After his consulship the province of Crete fell to his lot, but he abandoned it in favour of his colleague. Originally a supporter of the aristocracy and of the party of Sulla, he gradually perceived that their cause was lost; and on the coalition of Pompey with Cæsar and Crassus, he withdrew from the unequal struggle, and thenceforth confined himself to his professional pursuits. He died in 50 b.c. Despite his remarkable eloquence and ability, much of his success was due to the peculiarly aristocratic character of the tribunals before which he had to plead, and to his lavish employment of money in corruption. His eloquence was of the florid Asiatic school, rich in rhetoric, exuberant in tropes, diffuse and declamatory; his action was sometimes censured as extravagant, but the great actor Roscius carefully studied it for his own instruction; and, whilst his memory was wonderfully retentive and exact, his voice was musical and perfectly under his command. He was tolerably honest as times went; but he loved a luxurious life, and much of his enormous wealth was earned by discreditable means. He was fond of his villas; he loved to plant trees, and to watch their growth; he had large fish-ponds, with fish so tame that they would feed from his hand; once he even wept when a favourite fish died. In brief, his personal character was that of a good-natured epicurean. He had one son by his wife Lutatia, the daughter of Catulus. After her death occurred the very curious transaction in which Cato, the censor, lent him his wife Marcia.—W. J. P.
HORTON, Thomas, born in London and educated at Cambridge, was appointed head master of Queen's college, and minister of St. Mary, Colechurch, London, in 1638; professor of divinity in Gresham college in 1641; preacher to Gray's inn in 1647; and in 1650 vice-chancellor of Cambridge. At his death in 1673 he was vicar of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. He left numerous sermons; a hundred were published with a life of the author by Dr. Wallis in 1679.—J. S., G.
HORTOP, Job, is only known as the author of a work with the following descriptive title, "The Rare Travales of an Englishman, who was not heard of in three-and-twenty yeares space; wherein is declared the dangers he escaped in his voyage to Gynnie, where, after he was set ashore in a wilderness neere to Panico, he endured much slaverie and bondage in the Spanish gally," London, 1591, 4to.—W. C. H.
HOSEIN. See Hossein.
HOSIUS, Stanislaus, an eminent champion of the church of Rome in the age of the Reformation, was born at Cracow on the 5th of May, 1504. His father, who was a German of the family of Hos, was in good circumstances, and sent him to finish his education at Padua and Bologna, where he took degrees both in civil and canonical law. In 1533 he returned to Poland, and was at once employed by his patron. Bishop Tomicki, as his assistant in the chancellery of King Sigismund. His talents and address procured him rapid promotion. He became secretary to Sigismund, who directed his successor, Sigismund August, in his last will to appoint him bishop of Culm, in 1549; and by the latter monarch he was sent on several important embassies to Charles V., Ferdinand I., and Philip II. These missions brought him into intimate relations with the most influential men of the Romish party, who did not suffer his zeal for the defence and restoration of the church to remain idle. He became in truth one of the most active, energetic, and successful opponents of the Reformation, and to him more than to any other man, the popes owe the recovery of their position and influence all Poland and Prussia. In the Polish reformer, John a Lasky,
