mass in the promenade of the Brotteaux—a butchery attended with such horrible circumstances, that even the nationals had to turn away their faces as they fired. Dorfeuille was slaughtered in the reactionary massacres of May, 1795.—R. M., A.
DORIA, Andrea, a Genoese noble, born at Oneglia in 1466, rendered himself one of the most famous men of the age by his exploits as a naval commander, and the important influence which he exerted for half a century on the affairs of Genoa. He learned the art of war in the guards of the pope, and in the service of some other Italian princes; acquired a military reputation in the conquest of Corsica; and had nearly reached his fiftieth year before he received the command of the Genoese fleet. When Francis I. pushed the French arms into Italy, Doria took service under his banner; aided General Lautrec in the occupation of Genoa in 1527; and in the subsequent siege of Naples by that commander, his galleys, under the flag of his nephew Philippino, inflicted on the armament of Monçada a signal defeat, in which the Spanish leader perished. Such services were viewed with jealousy by some of the French officers; their representations, and the free, blunt counsels of the admiral himself, alienated the mind of Francis; neglect, and even indignities, awakened dissatisfaction on the other side. But it was the attempt of the French to reduce the power of Genoa by improving Savona, and transferring thither some branches of the Genoese trade, that brought on a final rupture. The prompt and energetic remonstrances of Doria only drew forth an order for his arrest; but before it could be executed he received notice of it, sailed for the Gulf of Spezzia, resigned his commission and the decorations which he had received from the French monarch, proffered his services to the Emperor Charles V., and signalized his investiture with his former rank under a new banner by compelling Lautrec to abandon the siege of Naples. In the course of the same year, 1528, he planned and executed with complete success a scheme for the expulsion of the French from Genoa, where their rule had become a galling burden to his countrymen. Suddenly entering the harbour with a few galleys, he took possession of the town, and, driving the garrison into the citadel, he compelled it to capitulate. The moderation and public spirit which he then displayed, have won for him a higher glory than all his victories. Instead of seeking his own aggrandizement, when the sovereignty lay at his hand, he summoned an assembly of the citizens, proposed to them the question respecting the form of government to be adopted, and gave his influence cheerfully to the establishment of the republican constitution which they voted, receiving his reward in the esteem which the grateful people embodied in the title bestowed upon him, "Father of his country, and restorer of its liberties." The revolution did not remove him from the service of the emperor, who commissioned him to repress the pirates of the African coast. In this enterprise, and also in occasional conflicts with the Turks, he maintained his reputation as a skilful and successful commander. Tunis was taken in 1535, the Ottoman fleet with difficulty escaped at Corfu in 1538; and though his advice failed to dissuade the emperor from the disastrous expedition to Algiers in 1541, he effected all that human talent and energy could accomplish against the unparalleled tempests by which it was defeated. His co-operation with the marquis del Guasto in compelling the combined Turkish and French fleets to raise the siege of Nice in 1543, was among the last of his exploits abroad; advancing years compelled him to seek comparative retirement; but even to the end of his long life, Genoa had no more zealous and active patriot within her gates than Andrea Doria, prince of Melfi. In 1547, however, the haughty and ambitious spirit of his grandnephew Giannettino, the destined heir of his fortune, though not the inheritor of his moderation and wisdom, imperilled for a time the influence and even the personal safety of the admiral. Fiesco, count of Lavagna—a young noble of great wealth, and popular on account of his personal attractions, under which he concealed an artful and intriguing temper—taking advantage of the disaffection which the conduct of Giannettino caused, formed a conspiracy to assassinate him and his granduncle. With the connivance of the French ambassador at Rome, and the profligate Farnese, duke of Parma, whom the emperor had offended by refusing him investiture, Fiesco, at the head of his associates, suddenly seized the fleet. Giannettino was slain in a hasty effort to recover it; and Doria had time only to mount his horse and flee, before his palace was attacked by a strong party of the conspirators. The count, however, was accidentally drowned in the harbour while engaged in securing his mastery of the fleet; none of his coadjutors had the ability or the hardihood to take his place; and the insurrection melted away almost as rapidly as it had appeared. In a few days the admiral re-entered the city amid the acclamations of the inhabitants, to resume his former position of influence and dignity, enhanced by the moderation which he displayed towards the conspirators. He died in 1560, at the age of ninety-four, honoured and lamented by the city which owed so much to his genius and virtues.
Others of the ancient family to which Doria belonged have received honourable mention in Genoese history. Oberto Doria fought the great naval battle of 1284, which finally broke the rival power of Pisa; and Luchetto Doria was at the head of the land forces, which in the same century carried on the struggle for the dominion of Corsica. In the wars with Venice during the fourteenth century, Lambo Doria and several of his kinsmen held high command in the Genoese fleet; Stephano Doria, in the middle of the sixteenth century, conducted the fierce wars which the republic waged against Sampiero the Corsican patriot; and after that conflict terminated, the rule of the good and the wise Georgio Doria did much to soothe the discontent of the subjugated islanders.—W. B.
DORIGNY, Sir Nicholas, a distinguished French engraver, born in Paris in 1657, was the son of Michel Dorigny, also an engraver of some credit. His brother Louis followed the paternal profession at Rome; and to escape the toils of an uncongenial profession, Nicolas went there, and under the guidance of his brother commenced the study of art. During his long residence in Italy he engraved many of the works of the old masters, and in spite of a certain ruggedness of style, achieved a fame among French historical engravers second only to that of Gerard Audran. Some of his English acquaintances at Rome persuaded him to visit this country for the purporse of engraving the cartoons of Raffaelle. Queen Anne gave him a room in Hampton Court, and he commenced his task in the spring of 1712. In April, 1719, the set of prints was complete, and copies were presented to George I., who conferred knighthood upon the artist, and gave him a purse of one hundred guineas. In 1724 Dorigny returned to Paris, where he died in 1746.—J. S., G.
DÖRING, Georg Christian Wilhelm Asmus, a German novelist, was born at Kassel, 11th December, 1781, and devoted himself to the legal profession at Göttingen. After various employments in different towns, he retired to Frankfort-on-the-Maine, where he died, October 10, 1833. His novels and tales, though not of a high rank, were widely popular in their time, and some of his dramatic pieces met with a fair success.—K. E.
DORIOLE or DORIOLLE, Pierre, Sire de Loire, a French statesman, was born at La Rochelle in 1407, and died in 1485. He became a licentiate in law in 1430, and in 1457 was elected mayor of his native city. Having in 1464 joined the party of seignèurs who formed the league styled the Public Good, Doriole was arrested and placed in the hands of the king. Louis XI. thought it for his own interests to pardon and reinstate him in his office of mayor. Doriole was henceforth a servant of royalty. Louis made him chancellor of France in 1472, and employed him constantly in difficult missions and negotiations. It is believed that Doriole would willingly have acted a straightforward part, if it had been attended with no danger; but the will of Louis XI. proving too powerful for Doriole's courage, the law of the land in his hands was accommodated to the caprice of the sovereign.—R. M., A.
DORISLAUS, Isaac, a learned civilian, a native of Holland, who removed to England during the reign of Charles I., and was appointed lecturer of history at Cambridge, but was silenced on account of his avowing republican principles. He subsequently held the office of judge-advocate in the royal army, but ultimately espoused the parliamentary cause, and on the trial of the king assisted in drawing up the charges against him. In 1649 Cromwell sent him ambassador to Holland, and he was assassinated at the Hague by some violent royalists who are said to have been in the train of the marquis of Montrose.—J. T.
DORLEANS, Louis, was born at Paris in 1542. The date of his death is uncertain. Dorleans practised at the bar as an avocat. He was a violent partisan of the league, and on the occasion of their arresting the royalist members of the parliament, he became their attorney-general. Dorleans defended every
