a "Memorial of my publications of Natural History," he complains that whilst he was ruined, his publishers made great sums by his works. Donovan died 1st February, 1837.—E. L.
* DOO, George Thomas, one of the best English line engravers of the day, is a pupil of Strange and of Sharpe. He has produced several prints after some of the best works of modern English artists, as Lawrence, Newton, Wilkie, Etty, &c., and also several after those by ancient masters, as the Infant Christ, by Raphael; the Ecce homo, by Correggio, &c.—R. M.
DOPPELMAYR, Johann Gabriel, a German mathematician, was born at Nuremberg in 1671, and died in 1750 or 1759. For nearly half a century he was professor of mathematics in the gymnasium of his native town, and published a number of mathematical, geographical, and astronomical works, the most celebrated of which was his "Atlas Cœlestis."—K. E.
DOPPET, François Amadèe, was born at Chamberry in 1753, and died at Aix. in 1810. For three years he served in a regiment of horse, and then took a degree of medicine at Turin. He is soon after found in Paris in the Jacobin clubs, and conducting democratic journals. The legislative assembly gave him military employment, and after a while he replaced Kellerman as general of the army of the Alps. He was connected with some of the successes of France in the early days of the Revolution. In 1794 he retired from the army from ill health. In 1796 he was one of the council of Five Hundred. He appears free from the stains of blood with which the name of almost every one else connected with the Jacobin clubs is polluted, and in difficult circumstances acted with ordinary humanity. His writings are very numerous—many on subjects of animal magnetism. Another class of his books consists of democratic pamphlets, vindicating his conduct during the Revolution.—J. A., D.
DOPPING, Anthony, a distinguished Irish prelate, was born in Dublin on the 28th of March, 1643. His youth was so precocious that he entered Trinity college in his thirteenth year, and obtained a fellowship in his nineteenth. In 1678 he was appointed to the bishopric of Kildare, whence he was translated in 1681 to that of Meath. Dopping's position soon became one of danger and responsibility. When Tyrconnel, the deputy of James, endeavoured to suppress the church of Ireland, Dopping was dismissed from the privy council, but he ably and courageously defended the interests of protestantism, both in parliament and out of it. After the battle of the Boyne, Dopping, in company with his clergy, waited on William with an address. He was restored to his dignities, and died in Dublin in 1697. Dopping was a man of high moral and intellectual endowments; affable and kind, as well as bold and firm.—J. F. W.
* DORAN, John, Ph.D., F.S.A., an accomplished, racy, and industrious writer, was born in 1807. He is of an old Leinster family, and passed a considerable portion of his early life in Paris, where he was chiefly educated. After successfully discharging the functions of private tutor in no less than four of the noblest families in the kingdom. Dr. Doran formed a connection with literature and the press, to which he has since remained faithful. He was for ten years editor of a London weekly paper, and has contributed extensively to leading periodicals. One of his earliest books, a work on the "History and Antiquities of the Town and Borough of Reading," displayed his antiquarian tastes and lore. In 1851 appeared from his pen, "Filia Dolorosa, or Memoirs of the Duchess of Angouleme," a biography which bears Mrs. Romer's name, but of which she had written only a few pages when attacked by her last and fatal illness. In 1854, to Nichol's edition of the poet Young's works, he prefixed a valuable memoir of their author. Since then Dr. Doran's lively pen, indefatigable research, and well-stored memory have produced a series of works among the most popular of their class, and which are to the subjects of which they treat, what the elder D'Israeli's Curiosities were to literary history and biography. "Table Traits," 1854, has been followed by "Habits and Men," published the same year; by "Lives of the Queens of the House of Hanover," 1855; "Knights and their Days," 1856; "Monarchs Retired from Business," 1857; "History of Court Fools," 1858; and "New Pictures and Old Panels," 1859. Dr. Doran has edited the Bentley Ballads, and the Last Journals of Horace Walpole. He has also written "Lives of the Princes of Wales," 1860, and a "Memoir of Queen Adelaide," 1861.—F. E.
DORAT, Claude Joseph, born at Paris in 1734; died 1780. Had some small private property, which prevented his thinking of professional studies; wrote verses, and before the age of twenty produced his first dramatic piece "Zulica." Crebillon the Elder undertook to fit it for the stage, and helped it out with a fifth act written by himself. It failed. Another tragedy followed, and failed; and Dorat renounced, as he thought for ever, the higher walks of dramatic art, and gave himself to what are called vers de societé. His works were published with expensive plates, which secured the sale of some copies. The Abbé Galatin said, with reference to this in an untranslatable pun—Le pocte se sanve du naufrage de planche en planche. Dorat again tried the stage, and produced "Regulus" and "La feinte par Amour." He filled the house with his friends, for whose tickets he paid, and by this expedient attained what he regarded as success. The words of a successful general, "Another such victory and we are ruined," were applied to him. At the close of life he was dependent on the generosity of madame de Beauharnais. When Dorat was at the point of death, the curé de St. Sulpice attended with the last sacrament. It was a game of dexterity between the curé, who sought a formal recognition of ecclesiastical authority, and the poet, who wished to escape it, and who succeeded. Dorat died in his character of author, correcting a proof sheet for the press. His works were printed in twenty volumes.—J. A., D.
DORAT, Jean (in Latin Auratus), born at Limoges; died at Paris in 1588. The name is sometimes written Daurat. The date of Jean Dorat's birth has not been recorded. From Limoges, where he received the rudiments of education, he went to Paris and taught French and Latin. His first pupil was the poet Antoine de Baif. He next taught the royal pages in the court of Francis I. We then find him in the army, where he made a campaign or two, but soon returned to his old pursuits. He became president of the college of Coqueret, and had among his pupils Ronsard, and one or two others of that cluster of poets who assumed, or were given, the name of the Pleiad. Dorat married twice; by his first wife he had a son and daughter, both of whom he lived to see writing verses of their own. At the age of seventy-eight he a second time married. This hazardous adventure he called a poetic license. He was a short, fat, merry little man, fond of good cheer, and always in debt. His Greek and Latin poems are said to contain fifty thousand lines; those in French are countless. Among his poems are some amusing anagrams.—J. A., D.
DORCA, Francisco, born at Gerona in 1737. He taught jurisprudence and belles-lettres at the university of Cervera was afterwards bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in America, and died in 1806. He wrote a history of the martyrs of Gerona; a treatise on the power of popes and bishops; "Reflections on Catholic Truth," and discourses.—F. M. W.
DOREID, Ibn, a celebrated Arabian poet, and a noted drunkard, was born at Basrah in 838; died at Bagdad in 933. He left his birthplace for Oman at the period of the invasion of Zendj. The subsequent career of Doreid was one of adventure. He parted from Abdallah and his son, governors of Fares, traversed Iran, part of Khorassan and Mesopotamia, and reached Bassora under the name of Abou Bekr. After much hesitation as to his place of residence he fixed at last upon Bagdad, of which Mostader was then khalif. He here became acquainted with an ulema, who introduced him to the khalif, who bestowed upon him such a fortune as a poet and a votary to Bacchus could not venture to decline. Delirium tremens and palsy interrupted Doreid's happiness. In his cassidehs, or odes of a serious and devout character, in virtue of their dignified pathos, tragic sublimity, and religious fervour, Doreid's best title to praise may be found. In these, and above all in his ode "Al-Cassideh al-Maysoreh," he reached a height beyond that attained by any of his predecessors. Doreid was also an eminent linguist. He introduced in his poems copious idioms and words in use amongst the natives of the islands of the Persian Gulf.—(See Scheidius' Latin translation of Doreid's Cassidehs.)—Ch. T.
DORFEUILLE, Antoine, a French revolutionist, was born in 1750, and died in 1795. Originally a comedian, he rushed into the thick of the Revolution, and played a prominent part in some of the most tragic scenes of the time. He was appointed president of the commission of popular justice, charged with the trial of the Lyonnese after the taking of their city. Supported by Collot d'Herbois and Fouché, he entered heart and soul upon his bloody work. The kennels of the Place des Ferreaux ran red, and mangled corpses rolled down the Rhone. Two hundred and nine men were marched forth over the river, and shot in
