Angelus, had been dethroned by his own brother; and his son, Alexius, invited the crusaders and Venetians to assist him in restoring his father to the throne. The request was at once acceded to by the confederates; and, forgetting the enterprise to which they had devoted themselves, they sailed for Constantinople, which they reached in June, 1203. The crusaders, along with young Alexius, attacked the city by land, and the Venetians by sea. When the assault was made, Dandolo, then nearly ninety years of age, took his place on the prow of his galley, and was the first man to leap on shore. This part of the city was soon taken, and the standard of St. Mark planted upon the ramparts. After a fierce contest, which lasted for eight days, the usurper was dethroned, and Isaac and his son, for a brief space, were restored to their sovereignty. A fresh revolt of the Greeks, however, took place, and the two emperors were put to death. Dandolo and the crusaders lost no time in inflicting condign punishment upon the rebellious city. Constantinople was taken by assault, pillaged, and partly burnt. An immense booty fell to the captors; and Dandolo, besides many other precious works of art, sent home to Venice the famous bronze horses which still adorn the piazza of St. Mark. The imperial crown was offered to Dandolo by the crusaders, but he wisely declined the dangerous honour, and accepted instead the title of Despot of Romania. He obtained for Venice a large extent of territory, with many important places on the shores of the Mediterranean, and a number of fertile islands from the Adriatic to the Dardanelles. He died soon after at Constantinople in 1205, and was buried in the church of St. Sophia.—J. T.
DANDOLO, Francesco, Doge of Venice from 1327 to 1339, is said to have owed his election to the dexterity which he displayed in bringing to a successful issue a negotiation with the papal court for the removal of the excommunication which Clement V. had pronounced against the Venetians; but the story that he obtained the surname of "Dog," from the humiliation to which he submitted in this affair, is now considered unworthy of credit. During his reign the republic quarrelled with Martin della Scala, the podestat of Verona, and, in conjunction with several of the neighbouring states, invaded and dismembered his dominions. Treviso and Bassano fell to the share of the Venetians, and were their first acquisitions of territory on the mainland. Francesco Dandolo died in 1339.—J. T.
DANDOLO, Giovanni, Doge of Venice, was elected to that office in 1280. He displayed great prudence and firmness in his resistance to the oppression of the papal court, which he obliged to yield to his demands on several important occasions. He died in 1289. Sequins are said to have been first struck in his reign.
DANDOLO, Vincenzo, Count, an Italian physician, author, and statesman, was born at Venice in 1758. He was educated at the university of Padua, and on his return to his native city he devoted himself to the study of medicine, in which he acquired a great reputation. The researches in chemistry made by Lavoisier, Berthollet, and others, attracted his attention, and he prepared for the Academy of Sciences in Paris an able memoir, giving an account of the recent discoveries in chemical science. This treatise, which was published in 1796, ran through six editions. Public events, however, at this juncture interrupted his scientific studies. He took a leading part in the revolution which overthrew the Venetian oligarchy; but, on the cession of Venice to Austria by the treaty of Campo-Formio, Dandolo, took refuge in Milan, then the capital of the Cisalpine republic. In 1799 he repaired to Paris, where he published in French a philosophical treatise entitled "Les Homines Nouveaux ou moyen d'operer une Régénération Nouvelle." A new career opened to him when Dalmatia, an ancient Venetian possession, was united to the new kingdom of Italy. Napoleon appointed Dandolo governor of the province, with the title of proveditor. He devoted himself zealously to the discharge of the duties of his office, and strove by every means in his power to promote both the physical and intellectual improvement of the people. In 1809, when Dalmatia was reunited to the Illyrian provinces, Dandolo resigned his office, and retired to Venice loaded with honours. The remainder of his life, with the exception of a short period in 1813, was spent in retirement. Count Dandolo died in 1819.—J. T.
DANE, Nathan, an eminent American jurist, was born at Ipswich, Mass., in 1752, and graduated at Harvard college in 1778. He studied law, and began the practice of it in Beverly, Mass. He was a member of the legislature from 1782 to 1785; of congress, under the old confederation, in 1785-87; and of the Massachusetts senate in 1790, 1794, and 1796. While in congress, he drafted the memorable ordinance of 1787, which for ever excluded slavery from the territory, an act worthy of the eulogy of Mr. Webster in the United States senate in 1830—"I doubt whether one single law of any lawgiver, ancient or modern, has produced effects of more distinct, marked, and lasting character than the ordinance of 1787. It laid the interdict against personal servitude in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper also than all local constitutions." Mr. Dune was a jurist more than a politician, and did not seek office after this period except for objects connected with his profession. His great work, "A General Abridgment and Digest of American Law," in nine large octavo volumes, is a worthy monument of his learning and industry. Another work of nearly equal extent, "A Moral and Political Survey of America," he left complete in manuscript. Having accumulated a large fortune, he made a munificent use of it by founding and endowing the Dane professorship of law in Harvard college. He died in Beverly, February 15, 1835.—F. B.
DANEAU, Lambert (in Latin Danæus), an eminent theologian of the French protestant church, was born at Orleans in 1530, and occupied himself at first with the study of law; but having resolved to devote himself to theology, he removed for that purpose to Geneva in 1560, and was ordained to the ministry in that city. He afterwards laboured in Leyden, Ghent, and in the university of Orthes in Navarre, where he died in 1596. His writings were very numerous, and extended to almost every department of theology. His "Loci Communes" are strictly calvinistic; and he defended the calvinistic principles in numerous polemical pieces with equal zeal against Bellarmine and other Romanists on the one hand, and against Andrä, Osiander, and other lutherans on the other. Of all his writings the best known is his "Ethices Christianæ libri tres." He was the first writer who treated christian ethics as a distinct branch of theology apart, from dogmatics.—P. L.
DANÈS, Pierre, born at Paris in 1497; died in 1577. He was educated at the college of Navarre, under Lascaris and Budé. In 1530 he was appointed by Francis I. professor of Greek at the Collége Royal. Amyot, Brissonius, and Dorat were pupils of his. In 1534 he visited Venice in the suite of the French ambassador. In 1545 he attended the council of Trent on the part of the king of France. An eloquent speech which he made there led to his being made bishop of Lavaur, which, however, did not occur for many years after. Danès was preceptor of the dauphin, afterwards Francis II. When bishop he was again sent to the council of Trent, where he represented the whole episcopal body of France. It is recorded that on one occasion at Trent, a French orator having inveighed against the corruption and profligacy of the church and court of Rome, an Italian prelate smiled bitterly, and, using an equivoque which it is impossible to translate, taunted the French theologian with the expression "Gallus cantat." Our Gallic cock's mettle was roused, and he put in the spur, "Utinam ad Galli cantum Petrus resipisceret." Pallavicini, who records the retort, says it was not without some effect in shaming the church, which would fain describe itself as typified by Peter, to correct some of its abuses. Danès was a widower when he entered into orders. He had one son, whom he survived. When told of his son's death, he retired to his chamber for half an hour, returned with a cheerful countenance, and spoke of his property as now belonging to the poor. He was a generous man, and when sent as a deputy from the clergy, refused to be reimbursed for the expenses thus thrown on him. He was buried at St. Germain-des-Prés. Ho published a translation of Pliny under the name of Pierre Belletièrre, a servant of his, to whom he left a large legacy. A relative of his, Pierre Hilaire Danès, published a collected edition of his works and an account of his life. He wrote a good deal under other names.—J. A., D.
DANFORTH, Thomas, a distinguished magistrate in the early history of New England, was born in England in 1622, and was brought by his father to Massachusetts in 1634. He resided in Cambridge, and held the office of "assistant" twenty years, ending in 1679, when he was elected deputy-governor of the colony. He was afterwards made a judge of the superior court, and in 1681 was appointed president of the district of Maine, then under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. In this office he continued till the arrival of Andros in 1686. He was
