fourteen rich merchantmen. Fitz-Patrick now served under Sir Cloudesley Shovel, and was sent by him with the command of several vessels to attack the Grovais, from whence he carried off thirteen thousand head of cattle and horses, besides many valuable ships. Richard Fitz-Patrick continued his eminently useful services, and on the accession of George I. he was elevated to the peerage. He died June 9, 1727.—His elder brother, Edward, was an eminent military commander at the Revolution, became a brigadier-general, and espoused with great devotion the cause of William, who, in consideration of the faithful services of both brothers, granted to them valuable estates. Edward was drowned November 10, 1696.—W. J. F.
FITZROY, Robert, born 5th July, 1805, at Ampton Hall, Suffolk, youngest son of General Lord Charles Fitzroy. In February, 1818, he entered the royal naval college, Portsmouth, and on the 19th October, 1819, he was appointed to the Owen Glendower, from which in 1821 he went to the Hind, and served two years in the Mediterranean. At an examination in Portsmouth, in July, 1824, he obtained the first place among twenty-six candidates, and was promoted immediately. In 1825 he joined the Thetis, and in 1828 he was appointed to the Ganges, and soon afterwards flag-lieutenant at Rio Janeiro. In November, 1828, he was made commander of the Beagle, a vessel employed in surveying the shores of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Chili, and Peru. In the winter of 1829, during an absence of thirty-two days from his ship, in a whaleboat he explored the Jerome channel, and discovered the Otway and Skyring waters. On the 3rd December, 1834, he was promoted to the rank of captain, but remained in command of the Beagle, pursuing his hydrographical duties, making surveys, and carrying a chain of meridian distances round the globe. During these surveys he expended considerably more than £3000 out of his private fortune in buying, equipping, and manning small vessels as tenders, to enable him to carry out the orders of the admiralty—an outlay which was not refunded to him. In October, 1836, he became a member of the Geographical Society, which afterwards awarded him their large gold medal for his discoveries while he commanded the Beagle. On the 8th December, 1836, he married Mary Henrietta, daughter of Major-general Edward James O'Brien. In 1837 he became fellow of the Astronomical and other scientific societies. He was elected an elder brother of the Trinity house in 1839, and sat in the house of commons as member for Durham in 1841. He was appointed acting-conservator of the Mersey, 21st September, 1842; and in the same year was selected to attend the Archduke Frederick of Austria in his tour through Great Britain. He introduced a bill in parliament in March, 1843, for establishing mercantile marine boards, and enforcing the examination of masters and mates in the merchant service. In April, 1843, he went out as governor of New Zealand, and was succeeded in that office by Sir George Grey in 1846. He was elected at the Athenæum, without ballot, in 1851, and on the 5th June, he became a fellow of the Royal Society. On the 22nd February, 1854, he married (secondly) Maria-Isabella, daughter of J. H. Smythe, Esq., of Heath Hall, Yorkshire. In the same year he undertook the meteorological duties at the board of trade, and soon afterwards became chief of the department, in which capacity his eminent abilities were soon conspicuous. He was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral on the 14th February, 1857. He died on the 30th of April, 1865, at his residence, Lyndhurst House, Norwood, from an act of suicide committed while in a state of mental derangement. His system of storm warnings, though but a few years old., will probably soon be employed throughout Europe. He published—"Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe," 4 vols. 8vo; "Remarks on New Zealand," 1846; "Sailing Directions for South America," 1848.—W. A. B.
FITZSIMONS, Henry, an Irish jesuit, was born in Dublin in 1569. Originally a protestant, he became a member first of Harthall, and afterwards of Christ Church, Oxford. Here he became dissatisfied with the moderation of the Church of England, and migrated to Louvain, where he joined the Society of Jesus. In this character he returned to Ireland, and made many proselytes, but did not escape the intolerance of his times; for in 1599 he was imprisoned in Dublin castle, and was not set free for several years. Amongst those who gallantly met him in theological disputation, in reply to his own challenge, was the learned Usher, then only nineteen years of age. Liberated from jail, he went to Flanders, where he published "A Catholic Confutation of Mr. John Rider's Claim of Antiquities, and a calming comfort against his Caveat; with a Reply to Mr. Rider's Postscripts, and a discovery of Puritan partiality in his behalf. To which is annexed, An Answer to certain complaintive letters of afflicted catholics for religion," Rohan (Rouen), 1608. This John Rider was at that time dean of St. Patrick's, and afterwards bishop of Killaloe. In the same year Fitzsimons visited Rome, went to the Low Countries, and at length returned to his native city, where for many years he was an active and indefatigable agent of his order. His spirit of intrigue and hostility to heretical governments, involved him in the Irish rebellion of 1641. On its suppression he was compelled to hide himself, and he died in 1644. The following are his principal works—"A Justification and Exposition of the Sacrifice of the Mass, in two books or more," printed in 1611, 4to; "Britannomachia ministrorum in plerisque et fidei fundamentis et fidei articulis dissidentium," Duac., 1614, 4to; "A Catalogue of the Irish Saints," Antwerp, 1621, 8vo.—T. J.
FITZSIMON, Walter, Archbishop of Dublin, succeeded to this dignity June 14th, 1484, and was consecrated in St. Patrick's cathedral. He had previously distinguished himself as a bachelor of civil and canon law, and as precentor of St. Patrick's church, whose chapter he represented in a parliament of 1478. Although Fitzsimon enjoyed a reputation for great sagacity, we find his name, nevertheless, figuring among the deluded who espoused the cause of Lambert Simnel, and were accessory to the coronation of that pretender in Christ church, Dublin, in 1487. Fitzsimon, however, did not prove himself more credulous than the lord-deputy, the earl of Kildare, and the council, who cordially received Simnel. On the downfall of the pretender, Edward VI., Fitzsimon was permitted to renew his allegiance to Henry VII. In 1492 he was appointed deputy to the duke of Bedford in lieu of Gerald, earl of Kildare; and, while discharging the duties of the office, he laboured strenuously to promote habits of industry among the people. Steps were at once taken by Henry to check the grievances of which the bishop complained in a representation to him. In 1493 Fitzsimon held a parliament in Dublin, and in the following year repaired to England to submit to Henry a full account as well of his own government as of the state of Ireland. Previous to undertaking this mission (which resulted in the impeachment of Lord Kildare) Fitzsimon delivered his crosier to Skerrit, prior of Christ church, as locum tenens. The bishop returned to Ireland with flattering testimonials of the royal satisfaction, and he soon after received especial marks of his sovereign's favour and friendship. In 1496 Fitzsimon received his appointment to the office of lord-chancellor; but he did not forget the duties for which he was ordained, and in the same year we find him holding a synod in the church of the Holy Trinity at Dublin. In 1497 he issued a license to the dean of St. Patrick's to build an hospital for the relief of the poor, and granted a large tract of ground in Kevin Street for that object. In 1508 Fitzsimon was deputy to Gerald, earl of Kildare, but he did not long hold the sword, considering that it clashed with the crosier, and in the August of the same year he resigned it to Lord Kildare. In 1507 he obtained from the king useful charters of incorporation for Dublin; and in 1509 he was again lord-chancellor. Having filled his see for twenty-seven years, Fitzsimon died at Finglas, May 14th, 1511, and was interred in St. Patrick's church. Harris describes this prelate as a man of great gravity and learning, of a graceful presence, and able to strike those who beheld him with reverence.—In 1763 and following years another Archbishop Fitzsimon ruled the Roman catholic diocese of Dublin; but his life was most unobtrusive and purely ecclesiastical.—W. J. F.
FITZSTEPHEN, William, a monk of Canterbury, and a celebrated English historian of the twelfth century. He was of Norman extraction, but was born of respectable parents in London. Hence he styles himself "a fellow citizen" of Thomas à Becket. He completed his education in France, and on his return entered the monastic state at Canterbury. His erudition both as a classic and a divine recommended him to the notice of Thomas à Becket, then archbishop of Canterbury, with whom he became a great favourite and steadily adhered to his fortunes. He was present with him at Northampton, where the most
