conspicuous in his successors. It was whilst in this island that Fox drew up a statement of his own and his friends' belief in all the great doctrines of christianity; a statement clearly disproving their alleged sympathy with Socinian tenets. After a considerable time spent in Barbadoes, Jamaica, and the North American continent, he returned to England in 1673. Here further persecution awaited him. Arrested for holding a meeting for worship, and detained for refusing to take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, he underwent fourteen months' imprisonment, and was at length liberated by the court of king's bench on account of the errors in his indictment. In 1677, in company with Penn and Barclay, who had joined the society about ten years before, he paid a visit to Holland and some parts of Germany, where his services seem to have been well received. The last fifteen years of his life were tranquil as regards personal molestation, but he continued to be actively engaged in various ways in promoting the welfare of his brethren. Their persecutions continued throughout the reign of Charles II.; and although James, by a stretch of the royal prerogative, ordered a general release of those imprisoned for conscience sake, the legal toleration of dissent was reserved for the next reign. In the first year of William and Mary was passed the bill which nullified the infamous conventicle acts, and allowed the Friends to make a solemn declaration in lieu of taking the oaths, and Fox had the gratification of seeing the public worship of the society legally recognized before his death. In the year 1690, and in the sixty-seventh year of his age, this remarkable man finished his earthly course in great peace. In person George Fox was tall; in countenance, manly, intelligent, and graceful; and in manners, says William Penn, "civil beyond all forms of breeding." Fox's services in the christian church will be variously estimated according to the opinions formed of those principles and practices on which he was the first in modern times to insist, and which have now for two hundred years distinguished the Society of Friends. The man himself, must, however, be acknowledged by all, to have furnished a noble example of unflinching integrity. Never would he barter an iota of what he regarded as christian truth, to secure immunity from ridicule and persecution. On religious liberty, slavery, the treatment of prisoners, capital punishment, &c., his sentiments were far in advance of the age; while in regard to oaths and war, there has been a considerable approximation to his views in later times. All that he did and wrote is not to be defended, neither did he himself, nor do his followers in religious profession, regard him as other than a fallible mortal; yet in that progress of opinion, which so often rubs the gilt from the tinsel, whilst it polishes the diamond, we are fain to believe that on a more faithful page than that of the prejudiced historian—in the hearts of the lowly and sincere—will a place of honour be more and more freely accorded to the memory of George Fox.—S. F.
FOX, Hon. Henry Stephen, was born 22nd September, 1791. He was the only son of General Edward Fox, and nephew of the celebrated Charles James Fox. In his younger days he was well known in London as one of a coterie of gay and witty aristocrats, among whom were Lords Byron and Kinnaird. After the peace of 1815 he visited the continent, where, while remaining at Rome, he caught a malaria fever, from the effects of which he never completely recovered. On his return to England he began his diplomatic career. His talents, no less than his high connections, soon raised him to eminence. He was the first minister plenipotentiary of Great Britain to Buenos Ayres, from which he was transferred, in the same capacity, to Rio de Janeiro. In 1836 he was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Great Britain to the United States of America. His conduct, both private and public, while in that important station, obtained for him the general esteem and affection of the Americans, and tended much to the dignity and advantage of his own government. Mr. Fox died early in November, 1846, at his residence in Washington, in his fifty-sixth year. He was never married.—W. A. B.
FOX, John, a celebrated English divine and church historian of the sixteenth century, was born at Boston in Lincolnshire in 1517. At the age of sixteen he entered Brazennose college, Oxford, under the care of Mr. John Hawarden (or Harding), fellow, and afterwards principal, of that college. He became the intimate friend of Alexander Nowell, afterwards dean of St. Paul's. He took the degree of B.A. on the 17th May, 1538, and that of M.A. in 1543, and was elected a fellow of Magdalen college. In his early years he evinced a taste for poetry, and wrote with considerable purity and elegance several Latin comedies, the subjects of which were taken from the scriptures. One of these comedies, entitled "De Christo Triumphante," was published in 1551, and again in 1556. A translation of it was published in 1579, under the title of "Christ Jesus Triumphant, wherein is described the glorious triumph and conquest of Christ over sin, death, and the law." Anthony à Wood was wrong in stating that Fox wrote this comedy at Basle, to which place he did not go until the accession of Mary in 1553, two years after the first edition appeared. Fox, when he went to Oxford, was a staunch Roman catholic; but the growing controversial spirit of the times, and the doctrinal questions which were then being discussed, induced him to apply himself to the study of divinity with, perhaps, less prudence than zeal. At the age of thirty he was thoroughly acquainted with all the works of the Greek and Latin fathers, and of the schoolmen. He had also acquired a tolerable knowledge of the Hebrew language. His close application to study, his forsaking friends for retirement, his evident mental perplexity, and, above all, his absence from public worship, awakened suspicions of his having become estranged from the mother church. He was accordingly accused of heresy, convicted, and was expelled his college in 1545. Forsaken by his friends, and reduced to distress, he became tutor in the family of Sir Thomas Lucy in Warwickshire. During his stay there he married the daughter of a citizen in Coventry; and resided with his father-in-law for some time after his engagement in Sir Thomas' family terminated. A few years before the death of Henry VIII. he removed to London, but having no employment, he again found himself in great distress. He was relieved, however, by some compassionate person who placed a large sum of money in his hand one day when he was sitting in St. Paul's church. Fox endeavoured in vain to discover this person. Shortly afterwards he became tutor to the children of the earl of Surrey, nephew of the duchess of Richmond; with this family he lived at Ryegate in Surrey, during the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII., the whole of the reign of Edward VI., and a part of that of Mary. He was the first person who preached the gospel at Ryegate. Through the influence of the duke of Norfolk he was restored to his fellowship in Magdalen college in the reign of Edward VI. In the reign of Mary many snares were laid for him by Gardiner, bishop of Winchester. To escape these Fox left England with his wife. He travelled to Antwerp and Frankfort, and removed thence to Basle, where, it is said, he was employed by a printer named Oporinus to correct proofs for the press. His great work, "The History of the Acts and Monuments of the Church," commonly called "Fox's Book of Martyrs," appeared at Strasburg in 1554, 8vo. On the accession of Elizabeth, Fox returned to England, and to the home of his faithful friend and former pupil, the duke of Norfolk. In 1563 he became a prebendary in Salisbury church. When Archbishop Parker summoned the London clergy to Lambeth to subscribe conformity to the ecclesiastical habits, Mr. Fox produced a New Testament in Greek, saying—"To this will I subscribe; I have nothing in the church save a prebend at Salisbury, and much good may it do you if you take it away from me." Fox was humane and generous, a laborious student, and a learned and judicious divine, always opposed to severity in matters of religion. He died on the 18th April, 1587, and was buried in the chancel of St. Giles, Cripplegate, of which he had been some time vicar. A monument with an inscription was erected on the south wall. He was the author of "De censura seu Excommunicatione Ecclesiastica," 1551, 8vo; "Tables of Grammar," 1552; "Articuli sive Aphorismi aliquot Joannis Wiclivi," and some other treatises printed with his "Book of Martyrs;" "Man's Election to Salvation," 1581, 8vo; "The Four Evangelists, in the Old Saxon Tongue," 1571, 4to; "Certain Notes of Election added to Beza's Treatise on Predestination," 1581, 8vo. His great work, "The Book of Martyrs," occupied him eleven years; it was published in London for the first time in 1763, in a thick folio volume, a copy of which he presented to Magdalen college, Oxford.—W. A. B.
FOX, Luke, a navigator of the seventeenth century, and one among the many Englishmen who have gained reputation by their efforts in the discovery of a north-west passage to India. Fox had conferred much with Baffin and others who had engaged in that field of adventure, and had been desirous of accompanying Knight in his voyage of 1606. A quarter of
