GLEIG, George, LL.D., was born at Bog Hall, near Stonehaven, in 1753, and educated at King's college, Aberdeen. Ordained in 1773 a minister of the Scottish episcopal church, he received the spiritual charge of the members of that communion at Crail, whence he removed about 1789 to Stirling, and seems to have resided in that town for the remainder of his life. At an early period, his abilities and accomplishments had been so recognized that, on the death of Mr. MacFarquhar, the editor of the third edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, the conduct of the work was confided to Dr. Gleig. Completed in 1797, the third edition rose far above its predecessors. Among the notable contributions of the editor was an elaborate article on metaphysics. He wrote almost entirely the two supplementary volumes, with the valuable co-operation of Professor Robison, In September, 1809, Dr. Gleig was elected bishop of Brechin, and in 1817 primus of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. He died at Stirling on the 9th of March, 1840. He published, besides sermons, charges, &c., an account of the life and writings of Robertson the historian; a valued edition of Stackhouse's History of the Bible; and "Directions for the study of Theology, in a series of letters from a bishop to his son on his admission to holy orders."—F. E.
* GLEIG, Rev. George Robert, chaplain-general of the forces, a prolific and popular author, is the son of the preceding, and was born at Stirling on the 20th of April, 1796. From the university of Glasgow he proceeded, when scarcely fifteen, in 1811, on the Snell foundation to Balliol college, Oxford. In 1812 his desire to join the duke of Wellington's army in the peninsula overmastered his taste for the classics, and being appointed to an ensigncy in the 85th regiment, he took part in its later campaigns. He afterwards served in America, and was present at the capture of Washington, in the action near Baltimore, and throughout the operations before New Orleans. In the course of these services he was wounded several times. Returning home, he completed his studies at Oxford, took holy orders, and was nominated by the archbishop of Canterbury to the perpetual curacy of Ash, in Kent, and the rectory of Ivy church, in the same county. It was during the early years of this charge that he wrote his "Subaltern," in point of time as of merit, one of the first of those military novels which have since become so popular. The "Subaltern" (first published in Blackwood's Magazine) described from the author's own experience the closing scenes of the peninsular war. It had been preceded by a narrative of the campaign in America, and its success first brought the earlier work into notice. Both works were distinguished, not only by literary skill and vivacity, but by a literal accuracy, which gives them a high value in the eyes of the professed historian. Onward, from the appearance of the "Subaltern," and its signal success, Mr. Gleig combined with the discharge of his clerical duties an assiduous cultivation of authorship. He has contributed extensively to fiction, history, biography, periodical criticism, and has published more than one volume of sermons, as well as a history of the Bible. Among the fictions published subsequently to the "Subaltern" may be mentioned the "Chelsea Pensioners," the "Country Curate," "Allan Breck," and, perhaps, his best work of the kind, "The Chronicles of Waltham," published in 1834. In history we have from his pen a history of the British Empire in India, a sketch of the military history of Great Britain, the campaign of New Orleans, the story of the battle of Waterloo, the Leipsic campaign, Sale's brigade in Affghanistan, &c. To the biography of Anglo-Indian notabilities he has made three important contributions—lives of Sir Thomas Munro, of the great Lord Clive, and of Warren Hastings. In 1834 Mr. Gleig was appointed chaplain of Chelsea hospital, to which we owe his interesting work, "Chelsea Hospital and its Traditions." In 1844 he was made chaplain-general of the forces; and, having signalized his nomination to this responsible post by the promulgation of a plan for promoting the education of soldiers and their children, he was appointed in 1846 inspector-general of military schools. In these positions the object earnestly pursued by Mr. Gleig has been "to find the means of giving to military society—from its apex to its base—that tone which in all christian countries, and especially in this, so well becomes it." We quote the words used by himself in the dedication to his "Essays, biographical, historical, and miscellaneous, contributed chiefly to the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews republished in 1858, and which contain several valuable papers on military science, as well as on military education. During the last ten years Mr. Gleig has edited for Messrs. Longman a cheap and useful educational library, "Gleig's School-Series," to which he has contributed a history of England, &c. He has recently translated Brialmont's Life of the Duke of Wellington, and added to it two volumes of interesting original matter. Mr. Gleig is prebendary of Willesden in St. Paul's cathedral.—F. E.
GLEIM, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig, a distinguished German poet, was born at Ermsleben, near Halberstadt, April 2, 1719. At the university of Halle, where he studied law, he became acquainted with the poets Uz and Götz, and under their guidance began his literary career. In 1747 he was appointed secretary to the Halberstadt chapter, an office which allowed him to devote almost all his time to poetry, and at the same time enabled him to exercise a generous hospitality, and to patronize young literary aspirants, by whom in due acknowledgment he was honoured with the surname of Father Gleim. Among his poetical works his imitations of Anacreon and Horace, his fables, his epistles, and especially his war-songs, which he passed off as the productions of a Prussian grenadier, deserve to be honourably mentioned. Gleim was one of the warmest admirers of Frederick the Great, and had seen some service in the Seven Years' war. His "Halladat," or the Red Book, is a didactic poem fraught with oriental wisdom in the purest and noblest language. He was the first in Germany to imitate the old English ballads, but in this respect failed. Two years before his death, on the 18th February, 1803, he became blind. Complete works with life by W. Körte, 1811-13, 7 vols.—K. E.
GLENCAIRN, the title of an ancient Scottish family, descended from a Saxon named Warnebald, who received from Hugh de Morville, constable of Scotland, towards the close of the twelfth century, the manor of Cunningham in Ayrshire, from which his surname was assumed. The family were ennobled about 1450 in the person of Alexander Cunningham, who was created a peer by the title of Lord Kilmaurs, and was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Glencairn in 1488 by James III., in whose cause he fell a few months later at the battle of Sauchieburn.—William, fourth earl, was a zealous partisan of the English monarch and an opponent of Cardinal Beaton during the minority of Queen Mary.—Alexander, fifth earl of Glencairn, usually termed "the good earl," was one of the first of the Scottish nobles who embraced the cause of the Reformation. He was a staunch friend of John Knox, who preached and dispensed the Lord's supper in his mansion of Finlayston after the manner of the protestant church in 1556. The earl was one of the leaders of the party who dethroned Queen Mary in 1567, and supported the reformers with his pen, as well as with his sword. He was the author of a satirical poem entitled the "Hermit of Allareit" (Loretto, near Musselburgh), a famous place of pilgrimage for the Romanists in those days. Such was his intolerance and his zeal against popery that he attacked the royal chapel at Holyrood, and demolished its altars, shrines, and images.—William, ninth earl, was a strenuous supporter of Charles I. in the great civil war, and remained in arms for the cause of his son, for some time after the rest of Scotland had submitted to Cromwell; after the Restoration he was appointed high-chancellor of Scotland for life.—James, fourteenth earl, a nobleman of singular personal beauty as well as of great benevolence, amiability, and excellence of character, was an early patron and friend of Robert Burns. On his premature death in 1791, in the forty-second year of his age, the poet gave expression to the deep and earnest feeling of gratitude which he bore towards the earl in a touching poem entitled "Lament for James, Earl of Glencairn."—On the death of his brother John, fifteenth earl, in 1796, the title became extinct, or at least fell into abeyance.—J. T.
GLENDWR, Owen or Vaughan, the famous Welsh chieftain, was born in Merionethshire about 1349, and derived his surname from his lands of Glendwrdwy (the Bankside of the Dee). He was the great-grandson by the mother's side of Llewelyn, the last prince of Wales. He received a liberal education, studied at one of the inns of court in London, and was admitted to the English bar. He appears, however, soon to have abandoned the legal profession, and was appointed an esquire in the household of Richard II. He was married at an early age to Margaret, daughter of Sir David Hanmer, one of the justices of the king's bench, and received the honour of knighthood in 1387. Owen was affectionately attached to his
