Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia. We next hear of him as residing in Dublin in 1621, in the capacity of secretary to Archbishop Usher. In the same year he published his "Argalus and Parthenia," a pastoral romance modelled upon Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, and still less readable than its prototype. In 1631 he wrote the epitaph which may still be read on Drayton's monument in Westminster abbey. In 1640 he was admitted to the post of city's chronologer by the corporation of London, at a salary of one hundred nobles per annum. This situation he retained till his death. The disputes between king and parliament becoming daily more embittered, Quarles published a pamphlet entitled "Thoughts on Peace and War." When the war broke out, Quarles took part with the royalists, but whether or no he received a pension from Charles I., according to the averment in Pope's well-known line—
" One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles,"
there is no direct evidence to determine. The circumstances which preceded, and are said to have hastened his death, have lately received considerable elucidation in some communications to Notes and Queries. His biographers have all spoken of a certain pamphlet, the "Royal Convert," published by Quarles in 1644, which became the occasion of some "unjust aspersions," the exact nature of which was unknown, but which coming upon the back of other harsh usage which he then received, so preyed upon the mind of the writer as to occasion a mortal illness. Now no pamphlet with such a title is anywhere extant. But it has been ascertained that the real title of the pamphlet was "The Loyal Convert" (copies of which exist in the library of Trinity college, Dublin), and that in it Quarles justified the employment of Roman catholics in the king's armies. This it was that excited the fierce indignation of the parliament, who immediately confiscated the poet's entire property, including his books and some rare MSS., and took care to have him "denounced as a papist." This was the aspersion which Quarles took so much to heart. In his last illness, which he bore with edifying resignation, he particularly requested that his friends would make known that he lived and died in "the true protestant religion." He died on the 8th of September, 1644, leaving a widow and eighteen children. One of his sons, John Quarles, wrote poems, and died of the plague in 1666. As a literary man, Quarles figures in two distinct characters—as a sacred poet, and as a writer for the million. Following the fashion of the day, he was a writer of the fantastic school, and his poems bristle with "conceits" and quaintnesses of every kind. His "Emblems," the work by which he is best known, are partly translated, partly paraphrased, from the Pia Desideria of Herman Hugo, a Jesuit. The original engravings, to the emblematic significance of which the poetry was designed as a key, are exceedingly rude and grotesque. The "Divine Poems" contain the history of Jonah, Esther, Job, and Sampson. But what made Quarles popular was his coarse satirical verses on the Puritans. A specimen of these, with the burden of "Hey! boys, up go we," is given in Campbell's Selections. His comedy of the "Virgin Widow" was written about the year 1632. Of his prose writings the "Enchiridion" is the most important. This is a collection of maxims, in four centuries, many of which betoken great acuteness and reach of thought.—T. A.
QUATREMÈRE, Etienne Marc, an eminent French orientalist, was born at Paris in 1782, of a family engaged in trade. His father, elected a municipal officer of Paris in 1789, was guillotined in 1794. From the wreck of his fortune something was saved, and the young Quatremère was educated with a view to the Ecole polytechnique. He was early seized, however, by a desire to study the languages and literature of the East, and without any professional object, attended the Arabic lectures of the illustrious Silvestre de Sacy. His extensive knowledge of other oriental languages, living and dead, was for the most part self-acquired. His first work, published in 1808, the "Recherches critiques et historiques sur la langue et la littérature de l'Egypte," at once made him famous. He was the first to prove in it that the modern Coptic is the legitimate descendant and representative of the language spoken by the ancient Egyptians, a discovery of the utmost importance to the decipherers of hieroglyphics. There is in Quérard a list of most of his other numerous disquisitions, &c., on subjects of oriental philology, history, and archæology, some of them of great importance. In his essay "Sur les Nabatéens," (Journal Asiatique, 1835), he assigned a high antiquity to the work of Kuthami on Nabathean agriculture, preserved in the Arabic translation of Ibn Washiya , and he thus originated an interesting controversy which, since revived by Chuolson, has lately been ably pursued by M. Ernest Renan (Memoires de l'Institute, tom. 24, 1861), but still awaits, for a final and complete decision, the publication of the Arabic manuscripts containing the work. After holding other appointments, M. Quatremère was made in 1819 professor of Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac, at the Collège de France; and in 1827, professor of Persian at the Ecole des langues orientales vivantes. He died at Paris in September, 1857.—F. E.
QUATREMÈRE DE QUINCY, Antoine Chrysostome, a distinguished French archæologist, was born at Paris, October 28, 1758. Having completed his academic training, he devoted himself to the study of art. He had written a memoir on "Egyptian Architecture," which was crowned in 1785 by the Institute; commenced a Dictionary of Architecture, 1786; and published, 1790, "Considerations sur l'Art du Dessin en France," when he was led to take a side in the great political struggle then imminent. As a royalist member of the legislative assembly he, under the Reign of Terror, was imprisoned for thirteen months; in 1795, for taking part against the convention, he was condemned to death, though he contrived to avoid arrest; and again two years later, for opposing the directory, he was sentenced to transportation to Cayenne, but this time also he managed to elude pursuit. He was allowed to return to Paris under the consulate. On the Bourbon restoration his sufferings for royalty were amply compensated. He was appointed in 1816 member of the council of education, censeur royal, and intendant général des arts et des monumens public; and in 1816 he was nominated member of the Institute, and perpetual secretary of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. Thenceforth, till the decay of his faculties, M. Quatremère de Quincy, partly from his high official position, but mainly from his attainments and great personal activity, occupied a distinguished place in the Parisian art-world. His memoirs and discourses at the Institute, papers in the serials, and separate publications, were regarded in their day as authorities; but their influence has already pretty well passed away, though they contain much valuable matter, and are marked by great acumen and occasional subtlety of thought, as well as extensive research. His principal separate works are his lives of Raphael, 1824, and of Michelangelo, 1835, both of which have been translated into English by Mr. W. Hazlitt; of Canova, 1834; "Histoire de la Vie et des Ouvrages des plus célèbres Architectes du XIᵉ siècle," 2 vols. 8vo, 1830; "Monumens et Ouvrages d'Art antiques restitués d'après les Descriptions des Ecrivains Grecs et Latins," 2 vols. 4to, 1826-29; "De la Nature, du But, et des Moyens de l'Imitation dans les Beaux-Arts," 1823, translated into English by J. C. Kent, 1837; and "Essai sur l'Ideal," 1837; besides many artistic and occasional pamphlets and papers, memoirs chiefly of artists, in the Biographie Universelle, and essays in Millin's Magasin Encyclopédique. His memoirs, read before the Académie des Beaux-Arts, were collected in two thick volumes, 1824-37. M. Quatremère de Quincy survived his faculties many years. He was superseded in his secretaryship in 1839. He died December 28, 1849.—J. T—e.
QUEENSBERRY: this family is a branch of the great house of Douglas, settled at Drumlanrig in Dumfriesshire. Their founder was Sir William Douglas, son of the gallant hero of Otterburn, who obtained from his father a grant of this barony before 1388.—William, third earl, the notorious persecutor of the Covenanters, was created Marquis of Queensberry by Charles II., and Duke by James VII. He held successively the offices of justice-general, lord-treasurer, and high commissioner; and after the downfall of Lauderdale exercised for some years the chief management of Scottish affairs. He was a man of a hot temper and strong prejudices, and by his combined servility and cruelty well merited the confidence which James bestowed upon him. But, in the language of one of his countrymen, "though a bad christian, he was a good protestant," and as he would take no part in any attack upon the established church, he was supplanted by the apostates Perth and Melfort. He concurred in the Revolution of 1688, though he took no part in the exclusion of the Stewart dynasty from the throne.—James, second duke, at an early period declared for the prince of Orange. He held a number of high offices of state under King William and Queen Anne, and was repeatedly high commissioner to parliament. His memory was long loaded with maledictions and abuse by his countrymen, in consequence of the prominent part
