of the crying sins of Cheshire, was much diminished. Above all, the rector won the largest place in the heart of each of his flock, and was known by all as their true friend. It is said that on one occasion a great crowd that had assembled to see a prizefight, quietly dispersed at the sound of the clattering hoofs of his "little black horse." During all this period the rector found time for intellectual pursuits. His keen observation adapted him for the study of physical science. He directed his attention chiefly to ornithology, and in 1836 published the volume so well known as "Bishop Stanley on Birds." In the same year he was appointed vice-president of the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1829 he had advocated the claims of the Roman catholics. In 1831 he headed a movement among the clergy of his diocese to endeavour to reform the abuses of the church. In 1836 a visit to Ireland gave him the opportunity of writing a pamphlet on the Roman catholic question, which attracted much attention. His merits had not failed to win the notice of the ministry. He had before this time declined the offer of the proposed see of Manchester. In the spring of 1837 Lord Melbourne offered him that of Norwich, and though his love for Alderley made him hesitate long, he accepted the preferment. For twelve years he presided over the diocese of Norwich, winning the hearts of all who came within his influence. He died 6th September, 1849, and was buried in the centre of the nave of his cathedral. The crowd which attended his funeral was immense, and every one seemed to have lost a friend. Bishop Stanley was married in 1810 to Catherine, daughter of the Rev. Oswald Leycester, rector of Stoke-upon-Trent, by whom he had five children—one of his sons being the present eminent regius professor of ecclesiastical history in the university of Oxford, the biographer of Arnold, and the author of Sinai and Palestine.—T. J.
* STANLEY, Edward Henry, previously known as Lord Stanley, succeeded his father as earl of Derby in 1869. He was born at his father's seat of Knowsley, July 21, 1826, and educated first at Rugby under the late Dr. Arnold, then at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1848, taking a first-class in classics, and gaining other honours. In the same year he contested unsuccessfully the representation of the borough of Lancaster, and started on a transatlantic tour, in the course of which he visited the United States, Canada, and the West India islands. While absent he was elected (September, 1848) member for King's Lynn, succeeding Lord George Bentinck. On his return he published, in May, 1850, a pamphlet in the form of a letter to Mr. Gladstone, entitled "The Claims and Resources of the West India Colonies," and on the 31st of the same month he delivered his maiden speech in the house of commons. It was in support of a motion of Sir Edward Buxton, asking the house to affirm the injustice of admitting slave-grown sugar to compete with the free-grown sugar of our colonies. His views on the West India question were more fully developed in another letter to Mr. Gladstone, July, 1851, "Further Facts connected with the West Indies." Soon afterwards Lord Stanley proceeded to the East, to investigate and study the condition of the India question. During his absence his father, the earl of Derby, became prime minister, and appointed Lord Stanley under-secretary of state for foreign affairs—an office the duties of which he returned home to discharge. After the fall of the first Derby ministry. Lord Stanley distinguished himself in parliament and out of it as a social reformer, even associating his name with the support of such measures as the repeal of the newspaper stamp duty, the admission of Jews to parliament, and the exemption of dissenters from church rates—rather to the surprise of the political party of which he continued, and continues, to be a nominal member. It was doubtless owing to this peculiar attitude of Lord Stanley's, that in November, 1855, on the death of the late Sir William Molesworth, he was offered by Lord Palmerston himself the seals of the colonial office, which, however, on consideration he declined. In Lord Derby's second administration he was appointed, February, 1858, secretary of state for the colonies—an office which on the resignation of Lord Ellenborough in the following May, he exchanged for that of her majesty's commissioner for the affairs of India, becoming in August of the same year, under the new Anglo-Indian constitution, secretary of state for India and president of its council. An offer of a seat in this body was, it is understood, made by Lord Stanley to Mr. John Stuart Mill. Since the resignation of the second Derby administration. Lord Stanley has taken little part in parliamentary debate.—F. E.
* STANLEY, Edward John, second lord, of Alderley, is descended from a common ancestor with the earl of Derby, and was born in 1802. His father, the seventh baronet and the first Baron Stanley of Alderley, who was raised to the peerage in 1839, and died in 1850 in his eighty-fourth year, undertook a scientific voyage to Iceland in 1789, was a fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh, and of the Society of Antiquaries, and was distinguished by his scientific and antiquarian attainments. He published in 1796 "Leonora," a tale from the German of Burger. The present lord, like his father, is a prominent member of the whig party. He represented for a considerable number of years the northern division of Cheshire, and was summoned to the house of peers in 1848 during his father's lifetime by the title of Baron Eddisbury of Winnington. He has held in succession the offices of under-secretary of state for the home department, secretary of the treasury, paymaster general of the forces, under-secretary for foreign affairs, president and vice-president of the board of trade, and is at present postmaster-general and a member of the cabinet. His lordship married in 1826 the eldest daughter of Viscount Dillon, and has a very numerous family.—J. T.
STANLEY, John, an eminent musician and composer, was born in London in 1713, and died in 1786. Though blind from his childhood he early became a proficient in music, was chosen organist of Allhallows, Bread Street, London, and four years later received the degree of bachelor of music from Oxford university. He succeeded Handel as conductor of the oratorios, and Dr. Bryce as master of the royal band of musicians.
STANLEY, Thomas, an accomplished scholar and man of letters, was born in 1625. His father, Sir Thomas Stanley of Cumberlow in Herts, who was connected with the Derby family, was the author of several poems, and was knighted by Charles I. His son was educated in his own house by Fairfax, the translator of Tasso, and became a proficient both in the classical and modern languages. In 1639 he entered Pembroke hall, Cambridge, where he acquired a high reputation for scholarship, and in 1641 received the degree of M.A. It appears that in the previous year he obtained a similar degree from Oxford. There is reason to believe that he now made a tour on the continent. During the protectorate he resided in the Middle temple, London, and diligently prosecuted both his legal and classical studies. In 1649 he published a volume of poems and translations, which was reprinted in 1651 with additions. His reputation, however, rests mainly on his "History of Philosophy, containing the lives, opinions, actions, and discoveries of the philosophers of every sect," the first part of which appeared in 1655, and the third in 1660. The work has passed through four editions, the last and best being that of 1743, 4to. It displays solid and extensive learning, but the materials are not well arranged; and, as Hallam remarks, the author is merely a historian, and never a critic of philosophy. A Latin translation of the History of Philosophy, by Olearius, was published at Leipsic in 1711. Le Clerc had previously translated into the same language the part relating to the history of oriental philosophy, and published it at Amsterdam in 1690. It was subsequently inserted in the second volume of his Opera Philosophica. Stanley's next important work was his celebrated edition of Æschylus, which he published in 1663, with a Latin translation, an explanatory commentary, the Greek scholia, and the fragments, in 1 vol. folio. He was indebted to Casaubon, Dorat, and Scaliger for a considerable number of the conjectures embodied in this work; but after all these have been deducted, Mr. Hallam says, "Stanley's Æschylus will remain a great monument of critical learning." It was reprinted at the Hague in 1745, and a second time at Cambridge in 1809, with numerous emendations by Samuel Butler, afterwards bishop of Lichfield, in 4 vols. 4to, and 8 vols. 8vo. Stanley is said to have been a man of great benevolence and integrity, as well as learning. He died in London, 12th April, 1678. He left a son, who at an early age published Ælian's various histories, translated into English; London, 1665. A memoir of Stanley is prefixed to the edition of his poems, published in 1814-15, by Sir Egerton Brydges.—J. T.
STANLEY, William, an English divine, born in 1647, and died in 1731. Educated at Cambridge, he was made first prebendary and then canon residentiary of St. Paul's, London. In 1692 he became archdeacon of London, and in 1706 dean of St. Asaph. His "Faith and Practice of a Church of Englandman" was republished in 1807, with a memoir of the author.
STANLEY. See Derby.
