of the nobles together with the dignity of the grand master, as Ulfeld was styled, manifested at his accession, had greatly displeased him; the count was, accordingly, sent as ambassador to the Hague in 1649. Two years afterwards he was charged with the crime of having endeavoured to compass the king's death by poison. The woman who brought this accusation against him, not having been able to prove it, was beheaded; but the count seems, nevertheless, to have taken guilt to himself, for he secretly left the kingdom and passed over to Sweden, where he was graciously received at court by Queen Christina. Ulfeld now entered the public service of Sweden, and sought the ruin of his country by every means in his power. He was present as a commissioner at the treaty of Roschild in 1658, and would also have been a party to that of Copenhagen in 1660, had not the French ambassador entreated Charles Gustavus not to insult his Danish majesty with the presence of such a notorious renegade. Ulfeld's unparalleled baseness did not, however, shield him from disgrace and danger even in his adopted country; for some offence, the nature of which we do not know, he was cast into the prison of Malmoë. He would have been set at liberty, as we shall see, without further annoyance, if he could only have been ordinarily patient, but his restless spirit would not suffer him to let things take their course. From the time of his arrest he pretended that he had been struck with paralysis in the tongue; and so well did he act the dumb man that for six months not a single word passed his lips. At the end of that period he effected his escape, and with a singular infatuation returned to Copenhagen. Here he was soon after joined by his wife, who meanwhile had pleaded his cause so eloquently that a sentence of acquittal pronounced by the Swedish judges had been actually confirmed by the king. But his sudden flight at this very moment completely ruined his prospects. He had indeed got beyond the reach of Charles Gustavus, but his property was immediately confiscated, and he had deprived himself at once of both a country and a home. Frederick III. of Denmark, who had him now in his power, and whom he had so grievously offended, merely banished him to the island of Bornholm, whither he was accompanied by his countess. A little while after this a letter written by Ulfeld, and dated 27th October, 1661, in which he implored the royal compassion and promised the most absolute submission, so touched the king that he granted him the larger liberty of the island of Funen. Nor was it long before he was at length permitted to leave the kingdom. After his release, he went first to the waters at Spa, thence to Paris incognito, and then back to Bruges. His countess meanwhile, who had gone over to England, was arrested at Dover, carried to Copenhagen, and thrown into prison; the reason of this harsh treatment being an alleged conspiracy on the part of the count. It was said that he had proposed to the elector of Brandenburg to dethrone Frederick, and place the crown of Denmark on the head of that prince. However this might be, Ulfeld was condemned to death on the 26th July, 1663, and judgment executed on his effigy. He received the news of his sentence at Bruges, and instantly fled to Basle; there he remained four or five months in extreme ill health, and utterly miserable in every respect. Hearing at length that officers were in pursuit of him, he went on board a small craft under cover of night to go to Brisach; but before he had proceeded a couple of leagues death came to his relief. This event took place in February, 1664. Count Ulfeld, one of the most brilliant, unprincipled, and unhappy men of his age, left three sons and a daughter. The eldest son turned Roman catholic, and attached himself to Christina, ex-queen of Sweden; the second was a chevalier of Malta; the third, Leo by name, was born on the 22nd March, 1651, and entered the service of the emperor. He was made a captain in 1682, and served under General Montecucculi; a lieutenant-general in 1704; and general-in-chief in 1706. In 1702 he fought at the battle of Luzzara, and in the following year accompanied the Emperor Charles when the latter was proclaimed king of Spain at Vienna. In 1706 he defended Barcelona against the forces of King Philip, and for his bravery on that occasion was appointed captain-general of Catalonia. After his return to Germany he received a captaincy in the guards, and was made a privy councillor. He died at Vienna on the 12th of April, 1716, leaving two sons and a daughter.—R. M., A.
ULFT, Jacob van Der, a celebrated Dutch painter, was born at Goreum, Holland, in 1627. The name of his master is unknown, but he is said to have first practised as a painter on glass. His pictures chiefly consist of views of public buildings; passing troops, groups of figures, animals, &c., being generally introduced so as to give a lively, bustling aspect to the scene. But besides the scenes from the streets of his native country, which were, no doubt, drawn from the reality, he also painted many pictures of the principal buildings and public places of Rome, which he must have taken from drawings or prints, as he never was in Italy. In these last he introduced representations of historical incidents. There are also a few coast scenes by him. He painted in a solid, spirited manner, and was an agreeable colourist. His works were popular in his own day, and he seems to have been a person of some consideration, as he was chosen burgomaster of his native place. He was living in 1688. His principal picture, a large view of the old town hall of Amsterdam, is in the present town hall.—J. T—e.
ULIERDEN, Lambert de, a Flemish lawyer and Latin poet, was born at Herstal in Liege in 1564. After pursuing his studies for some years successively at Aix-la-Chapelle, Cologne, and Liege, he became a soldier, and served in various campaigns under Ernest of Bavaria and other generals. But he soon grew tired of fighting, and returned to his books. He became a doctor of law in 1590, and settled at Liege, where for nearly fifty years he practised with much repute as a member of that profession. He wrote a great many books, many of them in Latin verse, of which the following may be noticed—"Vota, preces, et monita publica pro bello Bohemico," &c., Liege, 1621; "Tractatus de xxxii. tribus opificum civitatis Leodiensis, deque earum origine," Liege, 1628; "Historia Civitatis Leodiensis, typo seu tabula ejusdem subjecta;" "Fasti magistrales inclitæ civitatis Leodiensis ad normam Cæsareæ jussionis in comitiis anni, 1628, viii. Kalend. Augusti habitis;" "Edita nummorum omnium, quorum usus in civitate Leodiensi et vicinis provinciis, ab anno 1477 ad usque annum 1623," Liege, 1623.—R. M., A.
ULIMMER, John, prior of the regular canons of St. Martin at Louvain, his native town. He was a very learned man, and held in great reverence for his extraordinary piety. He died at Louvain on the 3rd of February, 1597. The following editions of ancient divines by Ulimmer deserve mention—"Auctores vetusti insignes, scilicet Lanfrancus, archiepiscopus Cantuariensis; Guitmundus, archiepiscopus Aversanus; Algerus, monachus Cluniacensis; Petrus venerabilis, Cluniacensis; Adelmannus, episcopus Brixiensis, et Ivo, episcopus Carnotensis, de veritate corporis et sanguinis in Eucharistiæ sacramento, cum refutatione diversarum circa hoc hæreseon, secundo ad veterum exemplarium collationem repurgati, curâ et studio Joannis Ulimmerii," Louvain, 1561; "D. Paschasii liber de corpore et sanguine Domini, ad veterum exemplarium fidem emendatus; adjuncta sunt D. Fulberti, episcopi Carnotensis, liber de mysterio Trinitatis, de mysterio Baptismi, et de corpore et de sanguine Domini; ejusdem epistola ad Pinardum, et D. Joannis Chrysostomi sententiæ de veritate corporis et sanguinis Domini in Eucharistiâ, omnia ex emendatione et editione Joannes Ulimmerii," Louvain, 1561; "D. Aurelii, Augustini Sermones, et Possidii Calamensis episcopi indiculus operum D. Augustini, ex editione, et cum scholiis marginalibus Joannis Ulimmerii," Louvain, 1564. At Paris, 1614, was published a folio volume entitled "S.S.P.P. Leonis Magni, Romani Pontifici ejus nominis I., Maximi Taurinensis episcopi, et Petri Chrysologi, Ravennatis episcopi, opera omnia; ex editione Joannes Ulimmerii."—R. M., A.
* ULLMANN, Karl, a distinguished German divine, was born at Effenbach on 15th March, 1796. After completing his preparatory studies at Mosbach and Heidelberg, he entered the university of the latter place in 1812, for the purpose of devoting himself to the study of theology. From Heidelberg he went to Tübingen, where he became established in a positive Christianity, and assumed the exegetico-historical standpoint of supranaturalism. After passing a year at Kirchheim as a vicar, he returned to Heidelberg in 1817. In 1819 he made a journey through north Germany, became privat-docent of theology at Heidelberg the same year, and in 1821 was appointed extraordinary professor of theology. The influence of Neander, Schleiermacher, and De Witt freed him from the form of the Tübingen supranaturalism, and made him more independent. In 1829 he went to Halle as ordinary professor of theology, but he returned to Heidelberg in 1834. In 1853 he left Heidelberg for Carlsruhe, to be evangelical prelate and a member of the Oberkirchenrath. In 1861, however, he resigned that office. Ullmann is a voluminous and elegant writer. He is a mild, tolerant, and enlarged
