by the help of a party founded in interest, which it can
create by no mode, except by that of invading property by
law or force. It must hire an army or a legislature, or
both, to gain power.
It cannot hire either without money,
and it cannot obtain money, without associates. If ambition is unable to form an aristocracy or party, except by
violating and transferring property, it follows, that no other
ea exist for its formation; and of course, that its appearance is a proof that property is violated and transfer-red. It follows also, that free and fair governments cannot
be subject to party, but such only as have ceased to be free
and fair by the creation of aristocracy, or a party founded
in interest. If this reasoning is true, there is neither wisdom nor policy, in providing constitutional precepts requiring ambition and avarice to be quiet; and yet to nourish
them by law. It makes the constitution a blind, from behind which legal parties or aristocracies strike nations.
Orders enslave nations, by making parties; and they are enabled to make them, by laws for tranferring property. If such laws make parties, and if the party spirit of orders, is the cause of their oppression; then, though titles are excluded, yet wherever party spirit is created, the oppression produced by orders is secured. Patrician and feudal parties were made by conquered lands; church parties by tythes, offerings and endowments ; military parties, by wages; patronage parties, by offices, bribes and sinecures; and paper parties, by stock, interest and dividends. All were made by laws for transferring or invading private property, all are parties or aristocracies of interest, and all are avoided by forbearing to make the laws which make them, and in no other way.
Two causes are adduced to shew, that property and not title, creates the parties or aristocracies which enslave nations. The whig party was made strong in England, by the paper stock with which it was enriched and united. In spite of its principles, it was forced by the regimen of this legal wealth to enslave the nation, by poisoning the principles it
